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The Chatfield & Woods Company 




Class 

Book 

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CORfRlGHT DEJPOSm 



Written by 

A. L. SYKES 



ROPE and TWINE 
INFORMATION 




COMPILED BY 

THE GHATFIELD & WOODS GO. 

CINCINNATI, OHIO 



BRANDS 



...A 



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The use of brands makes the necessity of under- 
standing qualities a simple matter. The best quality of 
our rope or twine will always be "Crown." The 
second quality will be "Gross." The next quality 
will be "Scepter." 

It is unnecessary for us to advise you of the import- 
ance of mentioning brands instead of grades. Any 
salesman can readily see the advantage of saying "This 
is our Scepter Brand" instead of "This is a third-grade 
rope." The grade of rope is the same whether it is called 
"Scepter" or "third-class," but the influence on the 
mind of the customer is not the same. 

The best quality of rope or twine that we can offer 
will be sold under the, "Grown Brand." 

The "Gross Brand" represents our intermediate 
grade, and is to be offered when the price of "Grown 
Brand" is too high and there is danger of losing the 
order. 

For those desirous of the cheapest quality we have 
our "Scepter Brand." 

By using these Brands in an intelligent way all dis- 
cussions of quality with the customer are done away. 
As you will find, very few people want to buy third class 
goods but want to imagine that they are buying first 
class goods at third class price — and it is not good policy 
to undeceive them. 

OCT 1 7 .J./ 
©CI.A477065 



TWINE AND ROPE 
INFORMATION 

^^^>^HE history of Cincinnati and its nearby cities and suburbs 
^J^ is most closely connected with the twine and rope in- 
dustry. While Boston, New York and Philadelphia are 
the towns with the largest rope plants of the country, Cincinnati 
is the home city of the real American Tw ine industry, and from 
the foundation made in Cincinnati has sprung up the many 
twine factories in the United States today. 

This fact was largely occasioned by Cincinnati's proximity 
to the Kentucky hemp fields, and for many years before the 
Civil War, Cincinnati and its environs was the home of hundreds 
of small rope manufacturers who spun the yarn at home, and 
with a small rope walk laid up the home-made yarn into Cord- 
age, which Cordage was used largely in the South for baling 
cotton. Up to 1860 all cotton was baled and bound with hemp 
rope. 

Many of the present prominent citizens are the descendants 
of rope makers, whose wives spun the yarn, and whose grand- 
fathers took the yarn into their little rope walks and laid them 
up by hand. Many of the Cincinnati jobbing houses owe their 
origin to the fact that these journeymen rope makers wanted 
an outlet for their goods, and when the Cincinnati jobber went 
Last to buy his supplies he would ship in return, as payment 
for the goods bought, Kentucky Hemp Rope, and Kentucky 
Hemp Twine, and thus founded an exchange of products which 
is being kept up to this day. 

The records of the United States Government show that in 
1365 the maximum production of Kentucky Hemp Twine and 
Cordage was reached and the amount was 65,000 tons. This 
amount is small today, as one manufacturer of Binder Twine 
makes more than this alone. Statistics show that in 1916 the 
consumption of Cordage Twine was over 432,000 tons in the 
United States and in all probability it will keep on increasing. 
Shortly after 1865 the introduction of Manila Hemp and other 
Hard Fibres cut down the use of hemp, but the principal de- 
crease in the amount of hemp produced was caused bj' the 
introduction of steel bands which replaced the hemp bale rope, 
and the introduction of Jute as a substitute for Hemp. 

The production of Kentucky Hemp was first introduced 
in 1779 from Virginia, and the first record that is historical of 



the hemp growing in Kentucky was in 1782, when it was stated 
that a band of Indians in attacking the pioneer inhabitants of 
Bryan Station advanced through the hemp fields. 

The most delightful description of Kentucky hemp is that 
of Mr. James Lane Allen, which is as follows: 

"Some morning when the roar of March winds is no more 
heard in the tossing woods, but along still brown boughs a faint, 
veil-like greenness runs; when every spring, welling out of the 
soaked earth, trickles through banks of sod unbarred by ice; 
before a bee is abroad under the calling sky; before the red apple- 
buds become a sign in the low orchards, or the high song of 
the thrush is pouring forth far away at wet pale-green sunsets, 
the sower, the earliest sower of the hemp, goes forth into the 
fields. 

"Warm they must be, soft and warm, those fields, its chosen 
birthplace. Upturned by the plough, crossed and recrossed by 
the harrow, clodless, levelled, deep, fine, fertile — some extinct 
river bottom, some valley threaded by streams, some table- 
land of inild rays, moist airs, alluvial or limestone soils — such 
is the favorite cradle of the hemp in nature. Back and forth 
with measured tread, with measured distance, broadcast the 
sower sows, scattering with plenteous hand those small oval- 
shaped fruits, grey-green, black-striped, heavily packed with 
living marrow. 

"Lightly covered over by drag or harrow, under the rolled 
earth now they lie, those mighty, those inert seeds. Down into 
the darkness about them the sun rays penetrate day by day, 
stroking them with the brushes of light, prodding them with 
spears of flame. Drops of nightly dews, drops from the coursing 
clouds, trickle down to them, moistening the dryness, closing 
up the little hollows of the ground, drawing the particles of 
maternal earth more closely. Suddenly as an insect that has 
been feigning death cautiously unrolls itself and starts into 
action — in each seed the great miracle of life begins. Each 
awakens as from a sleep, as from pretended death. It starts, 
it moves, it bursts its ashen woody-shell, it takes two opposite 
courses, the white fibril- tapered root hurrying away from the 
sun; the tiny stems, bearing its lance-like leaves, ascending 
graceful, brave like a palm. 

"Some morning, not many days later, the farmer, walking 
out of his barn lot and casting a look in the direction of his 
field, sees — or does he not see? — the surface of it less dark. What 
is that uncertain flush low on the ground, that irresistible rush 
of multitudinous green? A fortniglit, and the field is brown 
no longer. Overflowing it, burying it out of sight, is the shadow 



tidal sea of the hemp, ever-rippling. Green are the woods now 
with their varied greenness. Green are the pastures. Green 
here and there are the fields, with the bluish green of young 
oats and wheat; with the grey-green of young barley and rye; 
with orderly dots of dull dark green in vast array — the hills of 
Indian maize. But as the eye sweeps the whole landscape 
undulating far and near, from the hues of trees, pasture and 
corn of every kind, it turns to the color of hemp. With that 
in view, all other shades in nature seem dead and count for 
nothing. Far reflected, conspicuous, brilliant, strange; masses 
of living emerald, saturated with blazing sunlight. 

"Darker, always darker turns the hemp as it rushes upward; 
scarce darker as to the stemless stalks which are hidden now; 
but darker in the tops. Yet here two shades of greenness — 
the male plants paler, smaller, maturing earlier, dying first; 
the female darker, taller, living longer, more luxuriant of foliage 
and flowering heads. 

"A hundred days from the sowing, and those flowering heads 
have come forth with their mass of leaves and bloom, and 
earliest fruit, elastic, swaying 6, 10, 12 feet from the ground, 
and ripe for cutting. A hundred days reckoning from the last 
of March or the last of April, so that it is July. It is August; and 
now, borne far through the steaming air floats an odor, bal- 
samic, startling; the odor of those plumes and stalks and blos- 
soms from which is exuding freely the narcotic resin of the 
great nettle. The nostril expands quickly, the lungs swell out 
deeply to draw it in; fragrance once known in childhood, ever 
in the memory afterward, and able to bring back to the wanderer 
homesick thoughts of midsummer days in the shadowy, many- 
toned woods, over into which is blown the smell of the hemp- 
fields. 

"Who apparently could number the acres of these in days 
gone by.'' A land of hemp, ready for the cutting. The oats 
heavy-headed, rustling, have turned to gold and been stacked 
in the stubble or stored in the lofts of white, bursting barns. 
The heavy-headed, rustling wheat has turned to gold and been 
stacked in the stubble or sent through the whirling thresher. 
The barley and the rye are garnered and gone, the landscape 
has many bare and open places. But separating these every- 
where rise the crops of Indian corn now in blade and tassel; 
and — more valuable than all these that has been sown and 
harvested or remains to be — everywhere the impenetrable 
thickets of the hemp. 

"Impenetrable! For close together stand the stalks, making 
common cause for soil and light, each but one of many, the 



fibre being better when so grown — as is also the fibre of men. 
Impenetrable and therefore weedless; for no plant-life can 
flourish there, nor animal, nor bird. Scarce a beetle runs 
bewilderingly through those forbidding colossal solitudes. 
The field-sparrow will flutter away from pollen-bearing or 
pollen-receiving top, trying to beguile you from its nest hidden 
near the edge. The crow and the blackbird will seem to love 
it, having a keen eye for the cutworm, its only enemy. The 
quail does love it, not for itself, but for its protection, leading 
her brood into its labyrinths out of the dusty road when danger 
draws near. Best of all winged creatures it is loved by the 
iris-eyed, burnish-breasted, murmuring doves, already begin- 
ning to gather in the deadened tree- tops with crops eager for 
the seed. Well remembered also by the long-flight passenger 
pigeon, coming into the land for the mast. Best of all wild 
things whose safety lies not in the wing but in the foot, it is 
loved by the hare for its young for refuge. Those lithe, velvety, 
summer-thin bodies! Observe carefully the tops of the still 
hemp; are they slightly shaken? Among the bases of those 
stalks a cotton-tail is threading its way inward beyond reach 
of its pursuer. Are they shaken violently, parting clean and 
wide to right and left? It is the path of the dog following the 
hot scent ever baffled. 

"A hundred days to lift out of those tiny seed these powerful 
stalks, hollow, hairy, covered with their tough fibre — that 
strength of cables when the big ships are tugged at by the 
joined fury of wind and ocean. And now some morning at the 
corner of the field stand the black men with hooks and whet- 
stones. The hook, a keen, straight blade, bent at right angles 
to the handle two feet from the hand. Let these men be the 
strongest; no weakling can handle the hemp from seed to seed 
again. A heart, the doors and walls of which are in perfect 
order, through which flows freely the full stream of a healthy 
man's red blood; lungs deep, clear, easily filled, easily emptied; 
a body that can bend and twist and be straightened again in 
ceaseless rhythmical movement; limbs tireless; the very spirit 
of primeval man conquering primeval nature — all these go into 
the cutting of the hemp. The leader strides to the edge, and 
throwing forward his left arm, along which the muscles play, 
he grasps as much as it will embrace, bends the stalk over, and 
with his right hand draws the blade through them an inch or 
more from the ground. When he has gathered his armful, he 
turns and flings it down behind him, so that it lies spread out, 
covering when fallen the same space it filled while standing. 
And so he crosses the broad acres, and so each of the big black 
followers stepping one by one to a place behind him, until the 



long, wavering, whitish-green swaths of the prostrate hemp 
lie shimmering across the fields. Strongest now is the smell 
of it, impregnating the clothing of the men, spreading far 
throughout the air. 

"So it lies a week or more drying, dying, till the sap is out of 
the stalks, till leaves and blossoms wither and drop off, giving 
back to the soil the nourishment they have drawn from it; the 
whole top being thus otherwise wasted — that part of the hemp 
which every year the dreamy millions of the Orient still con- 
sume in quantities beyond human computation, and for the 
love of which the very history of this plant is lost in the antiquity 
of India and Persia, its home -land of narcotics and desires 
and dreams. 

"Then the rakers with enormous wooden rakes; they draw 
the stalks into bundles, tying each with the hemp itself. Fol- 
lowing the binders move the wagon-beds or slides, gathering 
the bundles and carrying them to where, huge, flat and round, 
the stacks begin to rise. At last these are well built; the 
gates of the field are closed or the bars put up; wagons and 
laborers are gone; the brown fields stand deserted. 

"One day something is gone from earth and sky. Autumn 
has come, season of scales and balances, when the earth, brought 
to judgment for its fruits, says. "I have done what 1 could — 
now let me rest!" 

"But of all that the earth has yielded, with or without the 
farmer's help, of all that he can call his own within the limits 
of his land, nothing pleases him better than those still, brown 
fields where the shapely stacks stand amid the deadened trees. 
Two months have passed, the workmen are at it again. The 
stacks are torn down, the bundles scattered, the hemp spread 
out as once before, there to lie till it shall be dewretted or rotted; 
there to suffer freeze and thaw, chill rains, locking frosts and 
loosening snows — all the action of the elements until the 
gums holding together the filaments of the fibre rot out and 
dissolve, until the bast be separated from the woody portion 
of the stalk, and the stalk itself be decayed and easily broken. 

"Some day you walk across the spread hemp, your foot 
goes through at each step, you stoop and, taking several stalks, 
snap them readily in your fingers. The ends stock out clean 
apart; and lo! hanging between them, there is at last — a festoon 
of wet, coarse, dark-grey riband, wealth of the hemp, sail of 
the wild Scythian, centuries before Horace ever sang of him, sail 
of the Roman, dress of the Saxon and Celt, dress of the Ken- 
tucky pioneer. 



"The rakers reappear at intervals of dry weather and draw 
the hemp into armful and set it up in shocks of convenient size, 
wide flared at the bottom, well pressed in and bound at the top, 
so that the slanting sides may catch the drying sun and the 
sturdy base resist the strong winds. And now the fields are as 
the dark brown cainps of armies — each shock a soldier's tent. 
Yet not dark always; at times snow-covered; and then the white 
tents gleam for miles in the winter sunshine — the snow-white 
tents of the camping hemp. 

"Throughout the winter and on into early spring, as days 
may not be warm or the hemp dry, the breaking continues. 
At each nightfall, cleaned and baled, it is hauled on wagon- 
beds or slides, to the barns or the hemp-houses, where it is 
weighed for the work and wages of the daj'. 

"Last of all, the brakes having been taken from the field, 
some night -dear sport for the lads! — takes place the burning 
of the "hemphurds," thus returning their elements to the soil. 
To kindle a handful of tow and fling it as a firebrand into one 
of those masses of tinder; to see the flames spread and the 
sparks rush like swarms of bees skyward through the smoke 
into the awful abysses of the night; to run from grey heap to 
grey heap, igniting the long line of signal fires, until the whole 
earth seems a conflagration and the heavens are as rosy as at 
morn; to look far away and descry on the horizon an array of 
answering light, not in one direction only, but leagues away; 
to see the fainter, ever fainter glow of burning hemphurds — 
this, too, is one of the experiences, one of the memories. 

"And now along the turnpikes the great loaded creaking 
wagons pass slowly to the towns, bearing the hemp to the 
factories, thence to be scattered over land and sea. Some 
day, when the winds of March are dying down, the sower enters 
the field and begins where he began twelve months before. 

"A round year of the earth's changes enters into the creation 
of the hemp. The planet has described its vast orbit ere it be 
grown and finished. All seasons are its servitors; all con- 
tradistinctions and extremes of nature meet in its making. 
The vernal patience of the warming soil; the long, fierce arrows 
of the summer heat, the long, silvery arrows of the summer 
rain; autumn's dead skies and sobbing winds; winter's sternest, 
all-tightening frosts. Of none but strong virtues it is the son. 
Sickness or infirmity it knows not. It will have a mother 
young and vigorous or none; an old or weak or exhausted soil 
cannot produce it. It will endure no roof of shade, basking 
only in the eye of the fatherly sun, and demanding the whole 
sky for the walls of its nursery." 



The art of Rope and Twine making is an extremely ancient 
one, the ancient Egyptians used Flax for small cordage, and 
the fibres of the date palm for Rope. 

In the year 200 B. C. ships of Syracuse were rigged with rope 
made of Hemp grown in the valley of the Rhone, and Pliny 
tells us that towards the end of the first century this fibre was 
in common use among the Romans for Sails and Cordage. 

In America the manufacture of Cordage by European 
methods began in 1662. 

The name Rope is generally applied to Cordage exceeding 
one inch in circumference. Ordinary Threads, Twines, Cords 
and Ropes, may be composed of two or more single yarns twisted 
together. A single thread is termed a yarn. 

Were a rope to be formed by simply twisting together in 
one direction the wliole of the fibres of which it is composed, 
there would be nothing to prevent its untwisting as soon as 
left to itself. It is therefore necessary to twist the fibre in 
relatively small portions and so combine these into a rope, that 
the tendency to untwist in one part may counteract the like 
tendency in another. Thus the same force which would cause 
the component parts to separate and to become loose or un- 
twisted is employed, when they are combined in a rope, to keep 
the whole firm and compact. 

Rope loses in strength from twisting, the breaking strain 
of the rope being about 30' , less than the sum of the breaking 
strains of its component parts. Soft laid ropes are stronger 
than hard laid ones. Hard laid ropes are, however, more dur- 
able. 

The principal fibres used in the manufacture of Rope and 
Twine are divided into two principal classes, viz: Hard and 
Soft Fibre. 

The following are the Hard Fibre class: 

Point of Origin 
Manila Phillipine Islands 

/Mexico 

iJava 
vSisal /East Africa 

\ Hawaii 

I India 

\Bahama Islands 

Maguey Phillipine Islands 

New Zealand New Zealand 

Mauritius Mauritius 

Istle Mexico 



Hard Fibre really means a fibre that is directly obtained by 
decortication without previous retting or decomposition. 



ffi 



MANILA HEMP 

[ANILA Hemp or Feather Fibre is derived from several 

species of Musa, chiefly from Musa Textilis in the Philli- 

pine Islands. This fibre is called Abaca. 

The cultivation of the plant is an important industry in 

the Phillipine Islands, especially in the provinces of Albay and 

Camarines, on the island of Luzon; the islands of Leyte, Mar- 

induque, Cebu, Mindoro and Samar, also produce large crops. 

The fibre is produced from the long leaves that envelope 
the stem, the plant grows to a height of from twelve to twenty 
feet, almost any land will grow Manila Hemp but it grows best 
in the mountainous districts and particularly in the volcanic 
regions on the Eastern part of the Islands. It is a perennial 
plant which reaches maturity in three years, the inner leaves 
producing the best hemp. These leaves contain over 90*^0 of 
fluid, consequently the yield is comparatively small, being in 
fact only about 1'2'( of the green weight, for this reason it 
requires the produce of about five acres to produce one ton of 
fibre at each cutting. 

To extract the fibre from the leaves the native first makes 
a slight cut just beneath the fibre at the end and giving a sharp 
pull brings away a strip or ribbon of the outside skin which 
contains the fibre. When a sufficient number of ribbons are 
thus obtained they are carried to the cleaning machine which 
is used for extracting the fibre. This machine is of the most 
primitive character, consisting of a rough wooden bench with 
a long knife blade hinged to it at one end and connected at the 
other to a treadle by means of which the operator can raise 
the knife for a moment in order to insert one end of the ribbon 
he had previously stripped from the leaf, this ribbon being 
twisted round a small piece of wood to give a good hold is dragged 
through between the knife blade and block and all the pulp 
weak fibre and pithy matter is scraped off. The ribbons must 
be drawn several times between the knife and the block before 
the fibre is sufficiently clean. The unscraped end which was 
held by the operator is then scraped, the fibre is washed, dried 
in the sun and is then ready for packing. One man can clean 
by real hard work fifty pounds per day. A bale of Manila Hemp 
weighs 270 pounds, and over 1,000,000 bales are produced an- 
nually. Not all Manila fibre is of the same quality and there- 
fore it is graded and sold according to grade. 



10 



"A" is Superior White 

"B" " Good Current 

"C" " 50' ( over Good Current 

"D" " Good Current 

"E" " Midway Current 

"F" " Fair Current 25' ( over 

"G" " Soft Good Second 

"H" " Soft Good Brown 

"1" " Superior Second to Fair C 

"J" " Superior Second 

"K" " Brown 

SISAL HEMP 

Sisal Hemp was known as a cordage fibre at the time of the 
Conquest of Mexico by Spain, being then used by the natives 
for making ropes. 

It is principally used in the manufacture of Binder Twine, 
which twine is used to bind the sheaves of wheat, oats, rye, 
barley, after being cut by the harvester. The production of 
this fibre is principally in the province of Yucatan, Campeche 
and Sinaloa, Mexico, it is also produced in Java, Hawaii, Bahama 
Islands and East Africa, in smaller quantities in many other 
places in the tropics. It is produced from a plant Agave Rigida 
Elongata. The plant thrives best in Yucatan on account of 
the coral formation underlying that country. The plant is 
grown from shoots which are planted in rows about four feet 
apart and each row is twelve feet from the next row. Land is 
measured in Yucatan by squares of twenty-four Spanish varas 
and in this square about ninety-six shoots are planted. It takes 
about five or six years for the plants to grow to the proper mat- 
urity to begin cutting leaves; when the plant is growing all its 
leaves point upwards; as the plant matures the leaves begin 
to open; as they open they begin to attain a horizontal position; 
as soon as the leaf becomes horizontal it is perfectly matured 
and must be cut. From five to six leaves become matured at 
the same time on a plant; these are then cut; in about two to 
four months the next row of four to six leaves drop to the point 
and are ready for cutting; each plant always has from 25 to 27 
leaves, and when the leaves are cut new ones form from the 
center or cogolla. If properly cared for a plant continues to 
produce leaves for fourteen years, about which time it throws 
up a flower stalk from the center and after flowering the plant 
dies. 



11 



The quantity of fibre varies from 50 to 75 pounds per 1,000 
leaves. The leaves are cleaned by a machine (operated by steam 
power), which after macerating the leaves with heavy discs 
the resultant fibre produced is dried in the sun and baled in 
bales weighing about 350 pounds each, ready for shipment to 
the United States, to be spun into Binder Twine or Cordage. 

The production of Sisal in 1916 was 1,200,000 bales. 

MAGUEY 

Maguey is produced in the Philippine Islands, and is of the 
same family as Sisal, being produced from the "Agave Cantala" 
and is really of the same type as Sisal; on account of its not 
being as carefully cleaned or decorticated, it does not have 
the same value. 

NEW ZEALAND 

New Zealand is produced both on Auckland and Welling- 
ton, from the New Zealand hemp plant (phormium tenax). 
In appearance this plant resembles the ordinary flag, but 
varies greatly in the length of leaf and the way the leaf is split 
and curved. 

It grows best in swampy ground and the fibre is taken from 
the leaves after the plant is five or six years old. The fibre 
resembles Manila Hemp somewhat, but is of inferior strength. 
The average length of the fibre is about ten feet. 

When the long flat leaves have been cut they are subjected 
to the action of a stripper, which detaches much of the bark. 
The partially cleaned fibre is then put into a trough through 
which water circulates, is washed and scraped. The fibre is 
then dried and bleached in the sun, after which it is scutched, 
which softens, cleans and renders it ready for market. 

The grades are: Superior. Good Fair. Fair. 

A crop can be taken every three years from each plant 
and about eight tons of green leaves produce one ton of fibre. 
New Zealand is used in making rope and binder twine, and is 
valuable on account of its length and strength. 

MAURITIUS 

Mauritius fibre is produced from Furcroya Gigantea in the 
Island of Mauritius, from which island it derives its name. 
It is a long bright colored fibre, creamy white in color, and on 
this account is used largely to mix with other fibres darker in 
color to brighten them up. It is produced by the native striking 



12 



the leaf with a wooden mallet, this bruises the pulp, renders it 
less adherent to the fibre which is then scraped by hand. The 
production per acre ranges from one to two tons. In some of 
the larger plantations the leaves are cleaned by machine. The 
leaves are from five to eight feet in length, resemble the other 
agave plants weighing about five pounds. The same method 
of cultivation is practiced as in the case of Sisal. 

ISTLE 

The Istle or Ixtle of commerce is produced from three 
different plants, Juamave is obtained from the inner leaves 
or cogallos of the Lecheguilla which grows in the Juamave 
Valley about sixty miles west of Victoria Tamaulipas. 

Palma Istle is obtained from the leaves of Palma Sam- 
Andoca, Samuella Camerosana a species belonging to the Yucca 
family; this species is native in the States of Coahuila, San 
Luis Potosi and Tamaulipas. 

These fibres are used as an adulterant with Sisal to make 
the second quality or cheaper Sisal Rope. They are also used 
after a different system of preparation in the manufacture 
of the so-called Yucatan, Mexican, Ivory, Belgian Hemp Twines. 

Tula Istle is obtained principally from agave lecheguilla, 
which grows wild on the hills of the high table-land from Western 
Texas to the Southern part of San Luis Potosi. This fibre is 
principally used in brush making. 

SOFT FIBRE 

The following are the principal soft fibres: 
i Italian 

Flax ) Irish 

j Belgian 
Russian 
American 
Russian 

Hemp , Italian 

(Turkish 
Bombay 
Jute India 

I North and South America 

Cotton ■ Egypt 

r India 

FLAX 

Flax is obtained from the stems of a plant Linum Usitatis- 
simum. Ireland, Belgium, Holland, Italy and Russia produce 
flax fibre. Much flax is grown in the United States, but for 



13 



seed only, the plant having to be pulled before the plant has 
quite reached maturity if fibre is wanted. 

This fibre is used in the manufacture of linen and in a 
few of the very high grades of fishing lines, mattress, broom 
and sail twines. On account of the present war, this fibre is very 
scarce and hard to obtain. Cotton in many cases having taken 
its place. 

HEMP 

There is but one species of the true hemp plant (Cannabis 
Sativa); it is called in France, "Chanvre;" Germany, "Hanf;" 
Italy "Canappa." It is grown in Russia, China, Italy, France 
and the United States of America. 

The best and finest hemp is grown in Italy. After careful 
cultivation it is sown in March and cut in August or September. 
The stems are then put into bundles for steeping, this is done 
in stone basins or tanks and occupies frotn four to fourteen 
days, depending on the temperature and quality of the hemp. 
It is then removed from the water, dried and scutched, is then 
beaten again and this renders it softer and more pliable. 

In Russia the same process is used, but not so much care 
is taken with the result that the fibre produced is not as clean 
nor as good as that produced in Italy. 

In America the plants are cut in October and after being 
spread on the ground are stacked and allowed to dewret. In 
February or March the hemp stalks are broken and the fibre 
scutched. The yield per acre is about 850 pounds. 

The Indian Hemps are Bombay, Jubbulpore, and Allahabad. 
These are treated in practically the same manner as jute. 

Under the microscope, hemp fibres resemble those of flax. 
Hemp is the strongest of the soft fibres. 

JUTE 

Jute is grown almost exclusively in the province of Bengal, 
British India. 

The commercial fibre is chiefly derived from two species 
of plants, viz: Corchorus capsularis and Corchorus Clitorus. 

The fibres exist in the plant as a skin under the bark of the 
stem. Land intended for Jute cultivation is well tilled and 
manured, as the ground must be in fine condition to produce 
a good quality of fibre. The Seed is sown in April or May, and it 
is ready to be cut in Septeinber. After being cut the stalks are 
bound in bundles and steeped in water for about ten days, the 
fermentation thus set up softens the tissue or gum in which 
the fibres are imbedded until they are easily detached from the 
woody portion of the stem. 



14 



The stalks are examined periodically to test the progress 
of the retting operation and when it is found that the fibres 
peel off readily, the bundles are withdrawn from the water in 
which they have been steeped. The natives standing waist 
deep in the pools strip off the bark, wash the fibres, wring it 
out and hang it up to dry. About 1,400 pounds of fibre are 
produced to an acre. The usual length of the fibre is from six 
to seven feet, but it occasionally runs to fourteen feet. 

Jute is principally used in making Hessian Cloth or Burlap. 
About 1,500,000 tons are produced annually, one-half of this 
is used in India, the balance being exported to Europe and the 
United States. About 1,000,000 bales are used in the United 
States per annum. A bale of Jute weighs 400 pounds. 

Naturally there are many qualities, the best being the 
Sirai Ganj, the most generally used being the Daisee. The butt 
end of the plant is used in the lower grades of twines and ropes, 
and also in the manufacture of coarse cotton bagging, used to 
cover the bales of cotton. 

The following trades use items of twines and ropes: 

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Manila Rope 
Sisal Rope 
Tarred Lath Yarn 
Transmission Rope 
Wrapping Twine 



AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS 

Buy: Fine Finished Twine 
India Twines 
Jute Wrapping Twine 
Manila Rope 
Seaming Cord 



AWNING AND TENT MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Cotton Rope. 

Cotton Sail Twines. 
Jute Rope. 
Manila. 
Marlines. 
Sewing Twines. 
Sisal Rope. 
Tent Rope. 



15 



BAG MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Bag Twine. 
Bale Rope. 
Box Twine 
Jute Rope. 
Jute Wrapping. 
Manila Rope. 
Millers' Twine. 
Sail Twines. 
Sisal Rope. 
Transmission Rope. 

BASKET MANUFACTURERS 

Buy: Coarse Twines, unfinished. 
Lath Yarn. 
Manila. 

Sisal Hay Rope. 
Sisal Rope 

Sisal Spun Yarn (single or double). 
Unfinished Jute. 

BED MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Box Twine. 

Transmission Rope. 
Tube Rope. 
Wrapping Twine. 

BOLT AND NUT MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Fine Twines. 

BOILER MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Manila Rope. 

BOX MANUFACTURERS 

Buy: Box Shook Twines. 
Box Twine. 
Hay Rope. 
Hide Rope. 
Lath Yarn. 
Ring Yarn. 
Sisal Hay Rope. 
Spun Yarn. 
Transmission Rope. 
Tubing. 



16 



BRIDGE 


BUILDERS 


Buy: 


Manila Rope. 




Marline. 


BROOM 


AND BRUSH MANUFACTURERS 


Buy: 


Broom Twines. 




B. C. Twines. 




Colored Flax Twine. 




Fine Twines. 




Sisal Hay Rope. 




Wrapping Twine. 

1 
1 


BUTCHERS (Wholesale) 


Buy: 


Cotton Twine. 




Fine Twines. 




India Twines. 


CANDY MANUFACTURERS 


Buy: 


Box Twine. 




Wrapping Twine. 




No. Soft Seine. 




Cotton Twine. 


CARPET MANUFACTURERS 


Buy: 


Coarse Twines. 




India. 




Sail. 




Tube. 




Wrapping. 




Jamaica Twine. 


CARRIAGE AND WAGON MANUFACTURERS | 


Buy: 


Jute Wrapping Twine. 




Sisal Hay. 




Tarred Lath Yarn. 




Tarred Sisal Yarn. 




Tube Rope. 




Wrapping Twine. 



17 



CEMENT COMPANIES 
Buy: Box Twine. 

Drilling Cable. 

Manila Rope. 

Millers' Twine. 

Sail Twine. 

Tarred Sisal Yarns. 

Transmission Rope. 

Unfinished Jute Wrapping. 

Wrapping Twine (single end or rope form). 



CHAIR FACTORIES 

Buy: Jute Wrapping. 

Oiled and Unoiled Ring Yarn (un tarred Lath Yarn) 
Tarred Sisal Lath. 
Jamaica Twine. 



CHEESE MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Lath Yarn. 

Papermakers. 
Tube Rope. 



CIGAR BOX MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Coarse India Twines. 
Jute Wrapping. 
Tube Rope. 
Jamaica Twine. 



CLOTHING MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Coarse India Twine. 

Jute Wrapping Twines. 
Jamaica Twine. 



COAL COMPANIES AND MINES 
Buy: Manila Rope. 

Transmission Rope. 



COMPRESS COMPANIES 

Buy: Coarse India Twines. 
Jamaica Twine. 



18 



CONTRACTORS 

Buy: Manila Rope. 



COTTON MILLS 

Buy: Manila Bale Rope. 
Sail Twine. 
Sisal Bale Rope. 
Transmission Rope. 
Jute Rope. 



COTTON SEED OIL MILLS 
Buy: Manila Rope. 
Millers' Twine. 
Sail Twines. 
Transmission Rope. 



CRATE AND BASKET MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Hay Rope. 

Manila Rope. 
Papermakers' Twine. 
Sisal Rope. 
Tube Rope. 



DEPARTMENT STORES 
Buy: B. B. and B. C. 
Clothes Lines. 
Coarse India Twines. 
Fine Twines. 
Jute Wrapping. 
Tube Rope. 
Unfinished Twines. 
Jamaica Twine. 
Fancy Twines. 
Ivory Twine. 



DOOR MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Hay Rope. 
Hide Rope. 
Manila Rope. 
Raft Rope. 
Spun Yarn. 



19 





Tarred Lath Yarn. 




Transmission Rope. 




Tube. 




Un tarred Lath Yarn. 




Wrapping Twine. 


1 
DREDGING COMPANIES 


Buy: 


Manila Rope. 




Tarred Marline. 




Tarred Ratline. 


DRUG COMPANIES 


Buy: 


Fine Twines. 




Jute Wrapping. 




Sea Island Cable Laid. 


ELECTRIC COMPANIES 


Buy: 


Manila Rope. 




Tarred Marline. 


ELEVATOR MANUFACTURERS 


Buy: 


Hawser Laid Manila Rope (Oil Well Cordage). 




Manila Rope. 


EXPORT HOUSES 


Buy: 


All kinds Twine. 




Binder Twine. 




Manila Rope. 




Sisal Rope. 


EXPRESS 


5 COMPANIES 


Buy: 


Coarse Twines. 




Manila Rope. j 




Sisal Spun Yarn. 




Sisal Twines. 




Jamaica Twine. 



20 



FEED AND GRAIN DEALERS 
Buy: Bag String. 

Jute Wrapping. 
Lath Yarn. 
Manila Rope. 
Sail Twine. 



FERTILIZER FACTORIES 
Buy: Manila Rope. 
Millers' Twine. 
Sail Twines. 
Transmission Rope. 
Wrapping Twine. 



FISHING COMPANIES 
Buy: Bolt Rope. 

Fishermen's Hawser Laid Rope. 

Net Rope. 

Tarred Marlines. 

Tarred Russian Hemp Cioods. 

Tarred Hawser Laid. 



FLORISTS 

Buy: Coarse Twines. 
Fine Twines. 
Finished Twine. 
Jute Wrapping Twines. 
Cotton Twines (Colored and White) 



FLOUR MILLS 

Buy: Bag String. 

Millers' Twine. 
Sail Twines. 
Sisal Bag String. 
Transmission Rope. 



FRUIT MERCHANTS 

Buy: Finished Twines. 
Hide Rope. 
Wrapping Twine. 



21 



FURNITURE MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Coarse India Twines. 
Fine Twines. 
B. B. and B. C. 
Indias. 
Jute. 

Mattress Twine. 
Tarred Sisal Yarn. 
Stainless Sisal. 
Unoiled Sisal Twines. 
Wrapping Twines. 
Jamaica Twine. 



GLOVE MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Coarse Twines. 
Fine Twines. 
Papermakers'. 
Transmission Rope. 
Tube Rope. 
Jamaica Twine. 



GAS, ELECTRIC AND WATER COMPANIES 
Buy: Manila Rope. 

Packing and Rope Oakum. 

Tarred and Untarred Jute Caulking. 



GROCERS (Wholesale) 
Buy: Clothes-Lines. 
Cotton Rope. 
Cotton Twine. 
Indias. 
Manila Rope. 
Sash Cord. 
Seine Twine. 
Sisal Rope. 
Staging. 
Trot Line. 
Wrapping Twine. 



HALTER MANUFACTURERS 

Buy: Manila Rope (Soft Laid). 
Sisal Halter Rope. 



22 



HARDWARE DEALERS 
Buy: Binder Twine. 
Coarse Twine. 
Fine Twine. 
Fodder Yarn. 
Manila Rope. 
Sisal Rope. 
Jamaica Twine. 
Cotton Rope. 
Cotton Sash Cord. 
Cotton Seine Twine. 
Cotton Trot Line. 
Cotton Staging. 
Cotton Twine. 
Cotton Mops. 
Cotton Clothes-Lines. 



HARDWARE MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Fine Twines. 

Finished Twines. 
Jute Twines. 
Tube. 



HIDE DEALERS AND MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Coarse Twines. 
Finished Indias. 

Sisal Hide Rope (oiled and unoiled). 
Wool Twine. 
Jamaica Twine. 



IMPLEMENT DEALERS 
Buy: Binder Twine. 
Manila Rope. 
Sisal Rope. 
Twines (all kinds) 



LAUNDRIES 

Buy: Cotton Twine. 
Jute Twines. 



23 



LEATHER MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Finished Indias. 
Hay Rope. 
Sisal Bale Rope. 

Sisal Hide Rope (both oiled and unoiled). 
Wool Twine. 
Jamaica Twine. 



MACHINERY SUPPLY HOUSES 
Buy: Clothes Lines. 
Manila Rope. 
Sisal Rope. 
Tarred Sisal Yarn. 
Wrapping Twine. 



MANUFACTURERS (in general) 
Buy: Transmission Rope. 

Twines of different kinds. 



MATTRESS MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Coarse India Twines.* 
American Twines. 
Fine Twines. 
Flax Twines. 
Mattress Twines. 
Wrapping Twines. 
Jamaica Twines. 



MILL SUPPLY HOUSES 
Buy: Clothes Lines. 
Manila Rope. 
Sisal Rope. 
Tarred Sisal Yarn. 
Wrapping Twines. 
Oakum 



MOULDING MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Box Twines. 

Ring Yarn (untarred Lath Yarn). 
Tube Rope. 



24 



NEWSPAPERS 

Buy: Jute Tube Rope. 

Sisal Paper Twine. 



NURSERIES 

Buy: Jute Tubing. 

Jute Wrappinji. 
Tarred Lath Yarn. 
Tarred Sisal Yarns. 
Wrappinji Twines. 
Jamaica Twine. 



PACKING HOUSES. 

Buy: Coarse India Twines. 
Fine Twines. 
Manila. 

Sisal Hay Rope. 
Sisal Hide Rope. ^ 
Transmission. 
VVrappinji Twines. 
Seine Twine 



PAPER BOX AND BAG MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Coarse India Twines. 
Fine Twines. 
Hemp Twines. 
Sisal Hay Rope. 
Sisal Twines. 
Stainless Sisal. 
Tube Rope. 
Wrapping Twines. 
Jamaica Twine. 



PAPER AND PULP MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Paper Makers' Twine Jute. 
Spun Yarn. 
Transmission Rope. 
Tube Rope. 
Unoiled Sisal Twine. 



25 



PAPER AND TWINE DEALERS 
Buy: Clothes Line. 

Twines (all kinds). 
Jamaica. 



MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Bale Rope. 

Manila Rope. 
Manila Transmission. 
Oakum. 



PLUMBING AND MACHINERY SUPPLY HOUSES 
Buy: A and B Italian Packing. 
American Hemp Packing. 
Plumbers' Spun Oakum. 
Tarred Marline. 

Tarred Packing or Rope Oakum. 
Transmission. 
Untarred Packing or Gasket Packing. 



PORK PACKERS 

Buy: Fine Italian and B. C. Twine. 
India Ham Strings. 
Jute Wrapping. 
Sail Twine. 
Seine Twine. 
Staging. 



OIL WELLS 

Buy: Drilling Cables. 
Bull Rope. 
Plain Laid Rope and Packing. 



POTTERIES 

Buy: India Twines. 
Papermakers'. 

PRINTERS 

Buy: Coarse Indias. 
Fine Twines. 
Tube Rope. 
Jamaica Twine. 



26 



PUBLIC SERVICE CORPORATIONS 
Buy: Manila Rope. 

Transmission Rope. 
Oakum. 



PUBLISHERS 

Buy: Finished Twines. 
Paper Makers'. 
Sisal Hay. 
Sisal Hide. 
Tube Rope. 



RAILROADS 

Buy: Bolt Rope. ' 
Manila Rope. 
Sash Cord and Bell Cord. 



RAILWAY AND MILL SUPPLY HOUSES 
Buy: Manila Bolt Rope. 
Manila Rope. 
Packings. 
Sisal Rope. 
Tarred Lath. 
Sash Cord. 
Oakum. 
Waste. 



RUBBER MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Coarse Twines. 
Fine Twines. 
Houseline. 

Tarred Marlines, etc. 
Transmission. 

SAW MILLS ^ SASH MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Hay Rope. 
Hide Rope. 
Jamaica Twine. 
Manila Rope. 
Raft Rope. 

Spun Yarn. ' 

Stainless Jute Wrapping. 
Sash Cord. 



27 



Tarred Lath Yarn. 

Transmission Rope. 

Tube. 

Untarred Lath Yarn. 

Wrapping Twine. 



SHIP BUILDING COMPANIES 
Buy: Manihi Bolt Rope. 
Manila Rope. 
Tarred Marlines, etc. 
Oakum 



SHIP CHANDLERS 

Buy: Fishermen's Rope. 
Hawser Laid Rope. 
House Lines. 
Lobster Marline. 
Hambroline. 
Manila Bolt Rope.^ 
Manila Rope. 
Net Rope. 
Sisal Rope. 
Oakum. 
Spun Yarn. 
Tarred Hemp Rope. 
Tarred Marline, etc. 
Tarred Ratline. 



SHOE MANUFACTURERS 

Buy: Fine Twines in cut lengths. 
Wrapping Twines. 



SPOKES, HANDLES, STAVE AND HEADING 
Buy: Finished Indias. 
Lath Yarn. 

Medium and Fine Rope. 
Oiled and Unoiled Sisal. 
Tube. 
Jamaica Twine. 



28 



STATIONERS 

Buy: Coarse Twines. 
Fancy Twines. 
Fine Twines. 
Finished Cotton. 
Linen Twine. 
Paper Makers'. 
Wrapping. 
Jamaica Twine. 



STEAMSHIP COMPANIES 

Buy: Manila Rope of all kinds. 
Sail Twines. 
Tarred Marlines, etc. 



STORES AND SHOPS 

Buy: Various Twines, depending on character of store. 



STOVE MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Bale Rope. 

Paper Makers' Twine. 

Tube. 

Wool. 



TANNERS 

Buy: F"inished Indias. 
Hay Rope. 
Sisal Bale Rope. 

Sisal Hide Rope (both oiled and unoiled) 
Wool Twine. 
Jamaica Twine. 



TELEPHONE COMPANIES 
Buy: Houselines. 

Tarred Marlines, etc. 



TENT MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Jute Rope. 

29 



Jute Twines. 
Manila (soft laid). 
Nos. 1 and 2 Marlines. 
Sisal (soft laid). 
Sail Twines. 
Tent Rope. 
Cotton Rope. 



TEXTILE MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Coarse India Twines. 
Sisal Bale Rope. 
Transmission Rope. 



TOOL HANDLE MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Sisal Hay Rope. 
Sisal Hide Rope. 
Sisal Twine. 
Wrapping Twine. 
Jamaica Twine. 



TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES 
Buy: Manila Rope. 
Marlines, etc. 
Tarred Ratline. 



TRUNK OR SUIT CASE MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Coarse Fodder Yarn in Balls. 
Sisal Hay Rope in Balls. 
Sisal Spun Yarn in Balls. 



TUBE AND PIPE COMPANIES 
Buy: Manila Rope. 
Transmission. 

Tarred and Untarred Jute Pipe Cord. 
Tube Rope. 



TWINE DEALERS 

Buy: All kinds of Twine. 

All kinds of Sisal Specialties. 



30 



UPHOLSTERERS 

Buy: Mattress Twine. 

Wrapping Twines. 



VENEER MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Coarse American. 

Coarse India Twines. 

Coarse Twines (finished and unfinished). 

Finished Wall Paper Twines. 

Sisal Hay Rope. 

Tarred Sisal Lath. 

Jamaica Twine. 



WAGON MANUFACTURERS 

Buy: Jute Wrapping Twine. 
Sisal Hay. 
Tarred Lath Yarn. 
Tarred Sisal Yarn. 
Tube Rope. 
Wrapping Twines. 



WHOLESALE FRUIT DEALERS. 
Buy: Millers' Twine. 
Sail Twines. 
Sisal Banana Rope. 



WHOLESALE GROCERS 

Buy: See Grocers, Wholesale. 



WHOLESALE PAPER DEALERS 
Buy: Baling Rope. 

Sail Fine and Coarse Twines. 

Sisal Hay Rope. 

Sisal Hide Rope. 

Tarred Sisal Yarn. 

Tube Rope. 

Papermakers' Cord. 

Wall Paper Twines. 

Wrapping Twines (finished and unfinished). 



31 



WHOLESALE PRODUCE AND FRUIT 
Buy: Millers' Twine. 
Sail Twine. 
Single and Two-ply Sisal. 



WIRE ROPE MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Manila Rope. 

Sisal Rope (sometimes tarred) 



WOOD COMPANIES 

Buy: Tarred Sisal Yarns. 



WOODENWARE DEALERS 
Buy: All Twines. 

Clothes Line. 
Manila Rope. 
Sisal Rope. 
Jute Rope 
Cotton Rope 



WOODENWARE MANUFACTURERS 
Buy: Ring Yarn. 

Sisal Hay Rope. 
Sisal Twine. 
Tarred Lath Yarn. 
Untarred Lath Yarn. 



WOOLEN MILLS 

Buy: Italian and B. C. Twines. 
Sail. 

Tube Rope. 
Wrapping. 



32 



A METHOD OF TELLING ONE FIBRE FROM 
ANOTHER 

BNY mixture of jute with hemp or flax yarn, in cords, ropes 
or woven fabrics, may be detected in the following 
manner: 

Prepare a saturated solution of chloride of lime, get some 
hydrochloric acid and ammonia. 

Untwist the cord or unpick the fabric and untwist the 
yarns or threads so that the fibres separate one from the other. 

Place the threads thus prepared in a saucer, sprinkle and 
saturate with chloride of lime solution. A few drops of hydro- 
chloric acid are then added, a slight effervescence is now pro- 
duced, the liquid taking a yellow green color and the fibre 
bleaching almost instantaneously. The yarn or fibre is then 
at once washed with clean water, wrung out as dry as possible, 
placed on a clean saucer and moistened with a few drops 
of ammonia. 

The color of the fibres must then be at once examined. 
The jute fibre will be found to take on a blue red color, while 
the flax or hemp takes a yellow tint streaked with pink. 

Cotton may be distinguished from linen by burning the 
fabric. In the case of cotton the burnt end is tufted, in the 
case of linen the burnt end is rounded. 

The test above described for telling the difference between 
jute or hemp or flax, can be used upon Manila, Sisal, Mauritius, 
New Zealand, and the colors show the different fibres plainly. 

RELATIVE STRENGTH OF SOFT FIBRES 

The strength of soft fibre is obtained by cohesion and on 
account of the retting or decomposition necessary to separate 
the fibre from the woody part of the plant to which it is adhesive 
by the natural gum which the act of steeping or retting dissolves 
away by bacteriological action, it will not stand long immersion 
in water or exposure to the weather without protection by 
tarring, tanning or coating with some protective material 
that will prevent further breaking down of the fibre by bacterial 
action. 

Flax that is true flax is only used on a few of the extremely 
high priced mattress, broom, fishing lines, etc. Hemp is more 
generally used in the better grades of twines, Italian having the 
best appearance and strength, Russian coming next, American 
the most generally used next, the other grades, viz: Turkish and 
Bombay being used in specialties and as mixtures. Jute has 



33 



the greatest range of uses, being easy to make, cheap and usually 
plentiful, it lacks strength and durability, but on account of 
its cheapness is the most generally used. Cotton has its value 
and is used for retail trade when packages are small and of 
light weight. 

RELATIVE STRENGTH OF HARD FIBRES 

The relative quality of hard fibre is based on Manila as the 
standard, it being the best in general utility. Sisal coming next, 
with a ratio of 6 as to 7. New Zealand has approximately the 
same strength as Sisal. Mauritius strength is about 1-3 of 
that of Manila, is used but little by itself, principally as a mixing 
fibre to bring up the color of Manila. Istle is a generic name 
covering fibres grown in Mexico, from Agave and Pita, in con- 
tradistinction to Henequen Sisal, which comes from Yucatan 
and Sinaloa, Mexico. These are generally divided into three 
classes: Jaumave, Palma, Tula, the first two are used as cordage 
fibres, the last named, Tula, being used as a brush fibre almost 
exclusively. The strength of Istle is about I4 lower than Sisal 
Hemp. 







BINDER TWINE 

In binder twine the largest production of twine is made. 
The consumption of binder twine in 1916 was approximately 
200,000 tons. 

Without binder twine the world would go hungry today, 
as there is not labor enough in the world today to cut the grain 
crops by hand in the short time that exists between the ripening 
of the grain and its being cut. Binder twine was first made 
in 1883 by Fitler, of Philadelphia, for Cyrus McCormick and 
W. Deering, and its use has increased by such leaps and bounds 
that it constitutes a history of its own. 



34 



The grades principally used are: 

Sisal 500 feet to the pound 

Standard 500 " " " 

Standard Manila 550 " " " " 

Manila 600 " " " 

Pure Manila 650 " " " 

Sisal and Standard are made of Sisal with this difference 
that Standard is colored; this coloring is done by adding 
the color to the oil and is put on the fibre in the first preparation. 

Standard Manila is a mixture of either Sisal and Manila or 
New Zealand and Sisal. 

Manila is part Sisal and part Manila. 

Pure Manila is what its name implies and on account of the 
fine yarn of which it is spun has to be of superior quality. 
Usually Good Current hemp is used for making pure Manila 
binder twine. 

The International Harvester Co., and the Plymouth Cordage 
Co. are the two largest makers of binder twine, the International 
making about two-thirds of the twine used in the United States 
in their different plants. 

The principle used in the spinning of all yarns is the same, 
be the material hard or soft fibre cotton, etc., and is known 
as the Arkwright principle, viz: drafting by means of rollers. 

No further explanation or example of draft calculation 
need be given if it is clearly understood that the draft of a frame 
be it spreader, drawing, roving, gill, dry or wet spinning frame, 
is the ratio between the surface speeds of the drawing and feed 
rollers. It is easily formed by calculating how many revolutions 
the drawing roller makes for one of the feed roller, and then 
multiplying by the diameter of the former and dividing by the 
diameter of the latter roller. 

The process of manufacture of rope and twine made of hard 
fibre is usually as follows: 

.\fter the bales of fibre have been opened by hand, they are 
placed in stacks ready to be put through the breaker. This 
machine consists of a fast and slow chain la chain is a series of 
bars with heavy steel pinsi. The fibre is fed to the slow chain 
which carries it slowly forward, the speed of the fast chain 
varies with the grist of the yarn desired and is termed the 
draft. This fast chain acts as a comb or straightener of the 
fibre and carries the fibre to the delivery roll where the fibre 
in the form of a sliver is piled. This process is carried on through 
five to nine machines, each of which attenuates the sliver 
until the finisher delivers the sliver, now evened up by many 



35 



doublings and combings, in a good even ribbon of fibre, which 
ribbon or sliver is then taken to the automatic spinner where 
it is spun into a yarn and this yarn wound on a bobbin. The 
bobbins of yarn are then ready to be taken to the formers of the 
strand and layers that complete the rope of commerce. 

The turn in the strand of a rope is designated the fore 
turn; the turn in the rope, the after turn In a well-laid rope 
when put to use the turns balance, and the opposite turns 
acting against each other keep the strands of the rope togeth- 
er. The after turn can be thrown out of the rope. This is 
what is done when the end of the rope is taken up through the 
center of the coil. If this operation is repeated too much, 
the after turn will be thrown out of the rope and the fore 
turn, namely, in the strand, will kick back, the effect being 
to cause the strand to kink or knot up, thus destroying the 
lay of the rope. 

A rope thrown repeatedly around a capstan in the same 
direction as with the sun will throw the turn out of the rope 
and produce this condition. 

The weight of I fathom or 6 feet of 3-inch (Cir.) rope is 
approximately 31 ounces. The weight of the same length of 
any other size rope may be found by squaring the circumference 
of the rope, multiplying by 31, and dividing the result by 9. 
Thus the weight of 1 fathom, 6 feet of 6-inch Cir. rope is as 
follows: 



6 X 31 



124 oz. 7 lbs. 12 oz. 



In making the yarns for hard fibre the following yarns are 
usually used: 



A N 


o. 32 


480 ft. 


6 thread 


Vx 


' 28 


420 " 


6 


s 
re 


' 28 


420 " 


9 


38 


' 28 


420 " 


12 


A 


' 28 


420 " 


18 " 


Vi 


' 26 


390 " 


21 " 


9 
16 


' 26 


390 " 


24 " 


^ 


' 26 


390 " 


27 " 


% 


' 20 


300 " 


45 " 


1 


' 20 


300 " 


60 " 



36 



EXPLANATION OF ROPE PRICES 

The prices of Manila and Sisal products are always figured 
from a basis price per pound, one basis for each grade of Manila 
and one for each grade of Sisal. These basis prices fluctuate 
with the cost of raw material, so whenever using this price list 
BE SURE TO HAVE THE CURRENT BASIS PRICE. 

The basis size is 3-strand rope ■"' s " diameter (2" Cir.). Three- 
strand rope this size and larger takes the basis price. Both 
3 and 4-strand rope smaller than this size take advances as 
follows: 

2" Cir. •'• s " diam. or larger Basis 

1 ^ 8 " Cir .^0 thread ' 2^ above 

I ^4 " Cir. "'„, " diam 21 thread 3 2C " 

15 8 " Cir 24 thread • oC " 

m " Cir. I 2 " diam 21 thread ■ 2C " 

13 8 " Cir IS thread ' 2C " 

1 1<4 " Cir. ^10 " diam 15 thread ' 2c " " 

I I s " Cir. 3 J, " diam 12 thread Ic 

1 " Cir. 5|,;" diam '■> thread 1 ' 2C " " 

3^ " Cir. '4 " diam (1 thread 1 ' 2^ " " 

' 2 " Cir. 3„ " diam (> thread 

fine 2c 
Special charges as follows: 

All 4-strand Rope except Bolt Rope and Transmission Ic advance 

All Rope without oil Ic extra 

Tarred Rope Basis 

Balling %c extra 

All quotations on Manila and Sisal products are gross 
weight basis. Terms 60 days net, or 1'2'( discount for cash 
10 days from date of invoice. 



37 



APPROXIMATE WEIGHT AND . 


STRENGTH 


1 






PURE MANILA ROPE 




Coils, 


1200 ft. 


Half Coils, 600 ft. 








Length of 


Strain Borne 


Cir. 


Dia. 


Weight and Manila Rope 
Length per Coil in 1 lb. 


by New 
Manila Rope 




i Kin. 


^ti in. 


35 lbs 2100 ft. 60 ft. 


550 lbs. 


1 Vx " 


\x " 


50 " 2750 " 55 




620 " 




1 


;^i6 " 


55 " 2250 ' 41 




1000 " 




y\% " 


=^■8 " 


60 ' 1620 '■ 27 




1275 ■" 




114 " 


^15 " 


70 " 1260 " 18 




1875 " 




W2 " 


I9 " 


90 • 1200 " 13 


' 4 in. 


2400 " 




l«/4 " 


«ifi " 


125 " 1200 " 


9 


' 7 


3300 " 




2 


^8 " 


160 ' 1200 " 


7 


• 6 


4000 " 




2H " 


^/4 " 


198 " 1200 " 


6 


• 1 


4700 " 




2y2 " 


\ " 


234 " 1200 " 5 


' 1 


5600 " 




234 " 


% " 


270 " 1200 " 4 


' 5 


6500 " 


t 


3 


1 


324 " 1200 " 3 


' 8 


7500 " 




314 " 


1>16 " 


378 " 1200 " 3 ' 


2 


8900 " 




3K " 


iKs " 


432 " 1200 " 1 2 ' 


9 


10500 " 




33/i " 


IM " 


504 " 1200 " 2 ' 


5 


12500 " 




4 


l^fe " 


576 • 1200 " 2 ' 


1 


14000 " 




414 " 


lf-8 " 


648 • 1200 '■ 




10 


15400 " 




4M " 


IM " 


720 " 1200 " 




8 


17000 " 




4^/4 " 


l.^ffi " 


810 " 1200 " 




6 


18400 " 




5 


yy^ " 


900 " 1200 " 




4 


20000 " 




53/2 " 


1^4 " 


1080 " 1200 " 




1 


25000 " 




6 


2 


1296 ' 1200 ' 


11 


30000 " 




6.1-2 " 


2^8 " 


1512 ' 1200 '• 


9.^ " 


33000 " 




7 " 


2M " 


1764 " 1200 '■ 


8 


37000 " 




732 " 


2>'2 " 


2016 ' 1200 " 


7 


43000 " 




1 8 


2^8 " 


2304 ■• 1200 '• 


63-4 " 


50000 " 




83-2 " 


2y^ " 


2590 ' 1200 " 


532 " 


56000 " 




9 


3 


2915 " 1200 " 


5 


62000 " 




; 91 2 " 


33^ " 


3240 ' 1200 " 


41 2 " 


68000 " 




10 " 


334 " 


3600 " 1200 " 


4 


75000 " 





38 






3-Stiand 
Rope 



4-StranJ 
> Rope 




The Three Commofi-^Eauns or Kinds of Rope 



39 



MANILA ROPE 

Bolt Rope 8c above Basis 

Differentials for small sizes, page 37 

Standard full (1200 ft.) and half (600 ft.) coils. 

All sizes, 3 or 4-strand. 

For heavy hoisting, tow lines, dock ties, coal falls, warping 
lines, wheel ropes and every purpose requiring unusual strength, 
we recommend Bolt Rope. Made of an extra high grade of 
selected fibre. 

Yacht Bolt Rope special 

Differentials for small sizes, page 37 

Standard full (1200 ft.) and half (600 ft.) coils. 

All sizes, 3 or 4-strand. 

Yacht rope is made of special Manila fibre, selected for its 
light color and silky lustre. It is the very finest Manila rope 
made. Used on private yachts, motor boats and places where 
fine appearance is required as well as maximum strength. 

Tallow Laid Rope Basis 

Used as a cheap Transmission Rope for short temporary 
drives. 

Net Rope Basis 

Differentials for small sizes, page 37 

Standard full (1200 ft.) and half (600 ft.) coils. 

Tarred and un tarred, 3-strand. 

Net Rope untarred is made with a special medium soft lay 
so as to have an even pliable rope when used in the water. Our 
Tarred Net Rope is the same lay as untarred and contains just 
the right amount of tar to protect the fibre, and makes the rope 
a light golden color. 

Hawer Laid Fisherman's Gables 

(tarred and untarred) Special 

Usually made 600 ft. Any length required can be furnished. 

Usual sizes 7 " and 9 " Cir. 

Only the highest words of praise have been heard for this 

rope. 

Lobster Marline special 

Tarred and untarred. Bales 50 lbs. each, 5 lb. balls. 

The uniformity of this twine is its distinguishing feature. 
Every fisherman who has used it thinks there is none like it. 
We have paid much attention to this twine and believe we 
make the smoothest Lobster Marline on the market. It is 
wonderfully strong and can be used for every purpose where 
great strength and small sized twine is desirable. 

40 



OIL WELL CORDAGE 
Drilling Cables special 

Any length required. Usual sizes I'i" to 2^2" diameter. 

Drilling Cables are composed of three special 3-strand ropes 
laid together. Our method of manufacture produces a rope 
of even tension on all parts, thereby producing a cable that will 
not draw, strand or cut in. Drilling Cables must be carefully 
lubricated to prevent internal friction. The lubricants we use 
are made from formulas developed after years of experience. 
Sand Lines Special 

Usually made "' s " and *| " diameter. Any length required. 
Cable laid. 

Tubing Lines special 

Any length or size required, (.able laid. 

Bull Ropes Special 

Usual length from 60 ft. to <H) ft. each, usually 85 ft., and 

2", 2^4 ", 2' 2 " diameter. 

Large 3-strand ropes used to operate the Bull Wheels and 

are plain laid. 

Raft Rope Ic above Basis 

Standard full (1200 ft.) and half (600 ft. 1 coils. 

3-strand, 6 and 9- thread, special yarn. 

Small sized ropes made of heavier yarns than regular rope 

of same size. Used for binding logs together to form rafts. 



41 



TRANSMISSION ROPE 
Graphite Laid Manila Transmission 

Rope Special 

When a drive is exposed to the weather a full graphite laid 
rope should be used. The graphite makes the rope weather- 
proof. 

Tallow Laid Manila Transmission Rope special 

Used as a regular Transmission Rope in place of belting. 




LARIAT ROPE 
Manila Lariat Rope 

3-strand, hard laid 4c above Basis 

4-strand, hard laid '^^ 2^ above Basis 

Standard full (1200 ft.) and half (600 ft.) coils. 

Usual sizes ^,s"« ^le"' '2 " diameter. 

This is sold for cowboy use. Also made in Sisal with same 
differential. 

Manila Yacht Lariat Rope 

3 and 4-strand Special 

Standard full (1200 ft.) and half (600 ft.) coils. 
Our Yacht Lariat is made of extra high grade Manila fibre, 
selected for strength, color and lustre. It has a silky finish due 
to the lustrous fibre used. The lay or twist has been developed 
after many months of experimental work. It is without doubt 
the best laid lariat rope on the market. 



42 



SISAL ROPE 

Sisal Hay Rope, Spun Yarn, Paper Makers' 
Twine 

Sizes and prices are as follows: 

Hay Rope, any ply /Medium i^c advance 

Hide Rope, any ply ) Coarse 3^c 

Bale Rope, any ply j Fine Ic 

' Extra Fine 1 1 2^ 

, B or Coarse ' 2C advance 

Spun Yarn, single end ) C or Medium ^ 2^ 

Lath Yarn, single end j D or Fine Ic " 

' DD or Extra Fine 1 ' 2<^ " 

Usual extras for unoiled, laid twine and for balling will 
apply in addition to above as follows: 

Unoiled Ic extra 

If Laid, not Twisted ,4c 

Balling He " 




UO.LB. BALL iliAL PAPER JW 



43 



- ''>J!*V,iJfc^*-' ^■ 




50 LB COIL bISAL HAY ROPE 




50 L6 RLEL SISAL SPUN YARN 



44 



Sisal Bale Rope 



Sizes and prices as per table above. 

Stocked in coils about 100 lbs. each. Larger coils can be 
furnished on order. 

Sisal is a very satisfactory bale rope The light colored 
fibre makes this rope especially desirable for baling textiles, 
sole leather, etc., because is adds materially to the appearance 
of the package. Can be made in any ply to obtain whatever 
strength needed. 




Sisal Hide Rope, Fish Twine, Banana Twine, 
etc. 

Sizes and prices as per above table. 

Stocked in coils, stranded many ends, 100 lbs. each as 
follows: 

Extra Coarse About 25 ends 

Coarse " 40 " 

SISAL 





American 






Fitlers 






Fine 


Med. 


Heavy 


Fine 


Med. 


Heavy 




Ft. Lb. 


Ft. Lb. 


Ft. Lb. 


Ft. Lb. 


Ft. Lb. 


Ft. Lb. 


Ply 


Brk. 


Brk. 


Brk. 


Brk. 


Brk. 


Brk. 


2 


195 


120 


90 


240 


150 


120 


3 




75 425 55 500 








4 












5 


1 i. ^_ 




380 












1 





45 



Tarred Lath Yarn 

Prices are as follows: 

Coarse or B — 110 Basis 

Medium or C — 130 '■ 

Fine or D — 200 1 2C above Basis 

Medium " 50 " 

Fine " 100 " 

Extra Fine " 100 




100 L8.C0IL Sisal ring yarn 

{HIDE ROPE SHAPE) 



Tarred Sisal Lath Yarn, Wood Yarn, etc. 

Stocked in coils, stranded many ends, 100 lbs. each. 

Smaller and larger coils made to order. 

Coarse size or B — 100 thread Special 

Medium size or C — 130 thread " 

Fine size or D — 200 thread " 

Extra Fine or DD— 200 thread 

(The numbers in connection with the letters show the 
approximate number of ends in each strand. Untarred Lath 
Yarn is same as Ring Yarn.) 




46 



Tarred Sisal Fodder Yarn 

Stocked in coils, stranded many ends, 100 lbs. each. 

Coarse or B — 1 10 threads Special 

Medium or C — 130 threads " 

Fine or D— 200 threads 

Also furnished: 

27 oz . (100 ends ) Special 

21 oz. ( 100 ends) 

Can also be furnished in 5 lb. balls, packed in 100 lb. bales, 
on special order. 

The best known and most .satisfactory brand on the market. 
Has exceptional strength and is the favorite of the farmer; a 
money maker for dealers. 

COTTON ROPE 
Reels, Coils or Tubes 

No. 1, 2 and 3 Cotton Gill Rope, tubes, coils or reels. 

Cotton Rope sells to tent and awning manufacturers and 
in the South is used for plow lines, there becoming an important 
item. The basis price is based on ^^f," dia. It comes in coils or 
tubes weighing approximately 35 pounds. 

It sells in the fall for spring delivery, from January to May. 

COTTON ROPE 

Extra Hard Laid 



Sizes — Diameter 





Tensile Strength 


)er Pound 


Pounds 


240 


130 


105 


300 


60 


520 


35 


780 


20 


1040 


14 


2220 


9 


3460 


7 


4450 


i'A 


8910 


2^ 


12480 


m 


17810 



}4 inch 


A 


' 


H 


' 


5 
16 


' 


% 


' 


Vi 


' 


Vh 


' 


H 


' 


M 


' 


H 


' 



47 



JUTE ROPE 



Jute Rope — No. 1, I4" base; ^i,,", ' oc lb. over in coils. 
No. 2, 1 1 " base; ^n;", > ^c lb. over in coils. 
Reels 50 lbs. and larger, 3^c less. 

There are two grades of Jute Rope, one is called thread on 
account of being made from fine yarn, and possesses good 
strength; the second grade is made of regular Jute yarn heavy 
thread. This sells for a cheap clothes line and where a tem- 
porary rope is only needed. Also to tent manufacturers 

OAKUM 

This material is sold to plumbers, steam fitters and con- 
tractors, under the various gradings. 

Plumbers put up loose in 50 lb. bales. 

Jute packing is untarred while rope oakum is tarred, put 
up in coils varying in weight from 50 to 400 lbs., large trade buy 
small coils but the plumbers buy 300 to 400 lb. coils. 

Navy and Best are but little used except at lake or river 
points. Advise quantity needed and will wire price. 

PACKINGS 

Italian Jute Dry 

American Jute Tarred 

MARLINE 

Regular Yacht 

Jute Spunyarn, 2 or 3 ply 

Reels or coils. Hide Rope shape regular prices. 

Small reels under 50 lbs. ' ^c extra. 

All broken packages Ic advance. 

TARRED GOODS 



Pound 
Yarn 



Ply 



Av. 
Yardage 



Av. 
Strength 



Yacht Marline . . 
Fine Marline 
Regular Marline 
Fine Houseline. 
Regular Houseline 

Spun Yarn 

Spun Yarn 

Jute Marline 



40 
65 
85 
65 
85 
140 
140 
85 



350 ft. 



200 




140 


' 


145 




100 




95 




65 




140 





90 lbs. 

120 " 

175 " 

180 '• 

250 " 

250 " 

350 " 

150 " 



48 



DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUFACTURE 

AND LENGTH OF COMMERCIAL 

TWINES 

y^^-/HROUGH the courtesy of "Yarns," published in the in- 
^^ J terest of one of the largest twine manufacturers, the 
following description of twine manufacturers may be of 
value, as it epitomizes the system and does it clearly: 

The first step in the manufacture of twine is the opening 
of the bales of fibre, and the work of assorting this fibre accord- 
ing to quality. As a result of compressing the fibre into bales 
for shipment, the individual fibres become pressed and caked 
together. To overcome this feature the fibre is fed into a soft- 
ener, which makes it soft and pliable. 

After passing through the softener, the fibre is taken to a 
machine called the breaker, where the fibre is disintegrated 
from any wood or pulpy matter that might be adhering to it; 
and much of the dirt and foreign matter with which it is laden 
is removed. 

Leaving the breaker, the fibre is taken to a carding machine 
where the wire teeth comb the fibre and remove any dirt or 
substance that may be still clinging to it. 

The fibre, as it leaves the carding machine, is taken to the 
drawing frames. Here it is drawn and straightened, all the 
kinks being smoothed out, and as it leaves the drawing frames 
it is known as the sliver. 

This sliver, which has a soft, silky feel and appearance, is 
then taken to the roving machine, which converts it into rove, 
or a heavy yarn, which is wound on bobbins. 

The bobbins containing the rove are then placed in the racks 
of the spinning machine and are spun into yarn of a required 
weight. 

As the rove is spun into yarns, it in turn is also wound on to 
bobbins. The bobbins of yarn are then taken to the twisting 
machines and a number of yarns, depending on the ply desired, 
are simultaneously fed into the twister and made into twines. 

There are two sets of twisters used. If the twine is to be 
formed, the yarns are fed into a machine, which gives them a 
sufficient amount of twist to make twine, whereas, if laid 
twine is desired, another machine is used which twists the yarns 
harder, thus making the finished product a laid twine. If the 
twine being made is unfinished, the process has now been 



49 



completed, all that remains being to put it up in either balls, 
coils or reels. However, if a finished twine is wanted, the twine 
is taken to the polishing room, where it is run over a series of 
polishers, each polisher giving it a coat of the preparation for the 
proper finishing of the twine. It is then wound on bobbins 
and either reeled, coiled or balled. 

If the twine is to be put up in balls, it is placed into the 
balling machine by the operator. The balled twine is then 
packed into bales. 

The manufacture of commerial twine is based on what is 
called a "Spinal," which is 43,200 feet, and the yarns are made 
in pounds, which are merely a division of a Spinal. These 
pound yarns run from 10 to 150. Below are given the pound 
yarns and the different weights and plys as far as you will 
require them. 

As an example, 4 ply Jute Wrapping Twine is made from 
20 pound yarn. Therefore, we divide the Spinal, 43,200 feet by 
20, which gives 2,160 feet. The average allowance for twist is 
5%, which amounts to 108 feet, and this is deducted from the 
2,160 feet, which gives 2,052. In making a 4 ply twine we divide 
the 2,052 by 4, which gives us 513 feet and this is the approximate 
yardage of 4 ply Jute Wrapping. 

In the event of the goods being finished or polished, a 
deduction of 10' r should be made for this, as polishing adds to 
the weight of the goods. 

Nos. 1 and 2 Jute Wrapping Twine 20 lb. yarn. 

Fine Italian "A" and "AA" Flax Sail Twine 11 lb. yarn. 

Other Sail Twines 15 lb. yarn. 

2 ply No. 12 Fine Twine 11 lb. yarn\ 



18 
24 
36 
48 
60 



11 
15 
21 
21 
21 



:\ 



10' , off for polish. 



Nos. 1 and 2 Tube Rope 50 lb. yarn. 

X Jute Tube Rope 60 lb. yarn. 

Wall Paper Twines 40 lb. yarn. 

No. 41 9 Coarse Twines 300 ft. to the lb. 



5 


300 " " " " 


6 


200 " " " " 


7 


160 " " " 


8 


110 " " " " 


9 


85 " " " " 



juja 



50 





Gross 


Net Ydge. 




Yardage of Different Plies 


Size 


Ydge. 


5^c 
























Yarn 


Per Lb. 


Twist 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 10 


10 


4320 ft. 


4104 ft. 


2052 


1368 


1026 


821 


684 


586 


513 


455 


410 


11 


3927 " 


3731 " 


1365 


1243 


933 


746 


622 


533 


466 


415 


373 


12 


3600 " 


3420 " 


1710 


1140 


855 


684 


570 


489 


427 


380 


342 


13 


3323 " 


3157 " 


1576 


1032 


789 


631 


526 


451 


394 


351 


315 


14 


3086 " 


2932 " 


1466 


977 


733 


586 


488 


419 


366 


326 


293 


15 


2880 " 


2734 " 


1367 


911 


683 


547 


456 


391 


342 


304 


273 


16 


2700 " 


2565 " 


1282 


653 


641 


513 


426 


366 


321 


285 


256 


17 


2541 " 


2414 " 


1207 


805 


603 


483 


402 


345 


302 


277 


241 


18 


2400 " 


2280 " 


1140 


760 


570 


456 


380 


326 


285 


253 


228 


19 


2274 " 


2160 " 


1080 


720 


540 


432 


360 


309 


270 


240 


216 


20 


2160 " 


2052 " 


1026 


684 


513 


410 


342 


293 


356 


229 


205 


21 


2057 " 


1954 " 


977 


651 


488 


391 


326 


279 


244 


216 


195 


22 


1963 " 


1865 " 


932 


622 


466 


373 


311 


266 


233 


207 


186 


23 


1880 " 


1786 " 


893 


595 


447 


357 


297 


255 


223 


198 


178 


24 


1800 " 


1710 " 


855 


570 


427 


342 


285 


244 


214 


190 


171 


25 


1726 " 


1642 " 


821 


547 


410 


328 


274 


235 


205 


182 


164 


26 


1661 " 


1578 " 


789 


526 


394 


316 


263 


225 


196 


175 


157 


27 


1600 " 


1520 " 


760 


507 


380 


304 


255 


217 


190 


170 


152 


28 


1543 " 


1466 " 


733 


489 


362 


293 


244 


209 


183 


163 


148 


29 


1490 '■ 


1415 ' 


707 


472 


354 


283 


235 


202 


178 


157 


141 


30 


1440 • 


1368 " 


684 


456 


342 


274 


228 


195 


171 


152 


136 


31 


1393 '• 


1323 " 


661 


441 


331 


265 


220 


187 


165 


147 


1.32 


32 


1350 " 


1283 " 


641 


428 


321 


257 


214 


183 


160 


142 


128 


33 


1309 " 


1244 " 


622 


415 


311 


249 


207 


167 


155 


138 


124 


34 


1271 " 


1207 " 


603 


402 


302 


241 


201 


172 


151 


134 


120 


35 


1234 " 


1173 " 


586 


390 


293 


234 


195 


167 


148 


129 


116 


36 


1200 " 


1140 " 


570 


380 


285 


228 


190 


163 


142 


127 


114 


37 


1167 • 


1109 " 


554 


370 


277 


222 


185 


152 


139 


123 


110 


38 


1137 " 


1081 " 


540 


360 


270 


216 


180 


154 


135 


120 


108 


39 


1107 '• 


1052 " 


526 


351 


263 


210 


175 


150 


131 


117 


105 


40 


1080 " 


1026 " 


513 


342 


255 


205 


171 


147 


122 


114 


102 


41 


1053 " 


996 " 


498 


332 


249 


199 


166 


142 


124 


111 


99 


42 


1028 " 


977 " 


488 


326 


244 


195 


163 


139 


122 


108 


97 


43 


1005 " 


955 • 


477 


318 


239 


191 


159 


136 


119 


106 


95 


44 


982 " 


933 " 


466 


311 


233 


187 


155 


132 


117 


104 


93 


45 


960 " 


912 " 


456 


304 


228 


182 


152 


130 


114 


101 


91 


46 


939 " 


893 " 


446 


298 


223 


179 


149 


127 


112 


99 


89 


47 


919 " 


874 " 


437 


291 


218 


175 


146 


123 


109 


97 


87 


48 


906 " 


855 " 


427 


285 


214 


171 


143 


122 


107 


95 


85 


49 


882 " 


838 " 


419 


279 


209 


168 


140 


119 


105 


93 


83 


50 


864 " 


821 " 


410 


274 


205 


164 


137 117 


103 


91 


82 



51 





Gross 


Net Ydge. 


Yardage of Different Plies 


Size 


Ydge. 


57c 




















Yarn 


Per Lb. 


Twist 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


55 


794 • 


754 " 


377 


251 


188 


151 


126 


108 


94 


84 


75 


60 


720 " 


684 " 


342 


228 


171 


137 


114 


98 


85 


76 


68 


65 


663 " 


630 " 


315 


210 


157 


126 


105 


90 


79 


70 


63 


68 


635 " 
617 " 


603 " 

587 " 


302 
293 


201 
196 


151 
147 














70 


117 


98 


84 


73 


65 


58 


75 


577 " 


549 " 


274 


183 


137 


110 


91 


78 


69 


61 


54 


80 


540 " 


513 " 


256 


171 


128 


102 


85 


77 


64 


57 


51 


85 


508 " 


483 " 


241 


161 


121 


97 


80 


69 


60 


54 


48 


90 


480 " 


456 " 


228 


152 


114 


91 


76 


65 


57 


51 


45 


95 


455 " 


433 " 


216 


144 


108 


87 


72 


62 


54 


48 


43 


100 


432 " 


411 " 


205 


137 


103 


82 


68 


59 


51 


46 


41 


110 


393 " 


373 " 


185 


124 


94 


75 


62 


53 


47 






120 


360 " 


342 " 


170 


114 


85 


68 


57 


49 


43 






126 


344 " 
332 '• 


327 " 
315 " 


163 
157 


109 
105 


82 
79 














130 


63 


52 


45 


39 






140 


309 '• 


294 " 


147 


98 


73 


60 


49 


42 


37 






145 


298 '• 
288 " 


284 " 
274 " 


142 
137 


94 
91 


71 

68 














150 


5 


46 


39 


34 







52 



EXPLANATION OF TWINE PRICES 

The prices of Flax, Hemp and Jute Twines fluctuate with 
the cost of raw material. There is no general basis price for 
twines, so in figuring the cost of any twine it is necessary to 
have the current price list. 

Terms — 2' , cash discount for payment 10 days from date 
of invoice or 30 days net. 

Prices always apply to standard packages as listed. Orders 
calling for twine in less than original packages take an advance 
of Ic per lb. for half bale lots or more, and 2c per lb. for less 
than half bale lots. 

Orders for balls, reels, coils, skeins or packages not standard 
are subject to an advance charge to cover the additional time 
and labor used in their manufacture and are not subject to can- 
cellation after the mill has started upon their manufacture. 

The cost of putting up certain packages is much greater 
than formerly due to extra paper, burlap and labor. Following 
out our policy of furnishing goods to our trade at the lowest 
possible price, considering the quality of our products, it has 
seemed wise to make certain advances or differentials for such 
packages rather than make a general advance on all packages. 
By so doing the customers using the simpler forms of package 
pay basis price, those requiring special bales or reels pay an 
advance covering the actual additional cost of material and 
labor. These special differentials or advances remain the 
same irrespective of the price of the goods. 





i H |l . M,1U Fine Twin 



53 



FINE TWINES 

Fine India Twine See current price list 

Flax Twine " " " " 

B.C.Twine " 

Italian Flax Twine AA " " " " 

Italian Flax Twine AB " " " " 

Stock packages as follows: 

Barrel Bales, 160 to 170 lbs. 
Wooden Bales, 160 to 170 lbs. 
Bales, 168 lbs. 56 6-ball packages, ' ^ lb. balls. 
162 lbs. 54 12-ball packages, I4 lb. balls. 

Also furnished as follows: 

Reels, 10, 25, 50 and 100 lbs. single end. 

10 lb. reels packed in 100, 150, 200 and 250 lb. bales. 

Universal Wind. Tubes or cones, single end. 1, 2, 5 or 10 

lbs. Packed in wooden barrels, or bales according to 

size of tubes. 

Coils and reels, 50 to 100 lbs. Hide Rope Shape (many endsj. 
Special charges as follows: 

Nos. 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 in. '4 lb J/^c advance 

12 or 18 in. 2 oz. balls 5c 

168 and 162 lb. bales }ic 

Fine Twines in 10 lb. and 25 lb. reels Ic 

Fine Twines in 25 lb. reels and larger 3.2^ 

No. 60 in 1 2 lb. balls >2C 

Cut Twines Ic 

Any number of twine can be cut. The price being Ic over 
price for number desired. Standard size bales 150, 200, 250 
lbs. made up of packages containing 12 cuts, each cut or bundle 
containing 1,000 strings cut to required length. 



54 



N°12 3 Ply 



N°18 3Pl7 



N°24 4 Ply 



ilBMMHHHMI 



N°36 3P]y 



riHBHiMlH 



N°48 4Ply 



a 



rrmiMiii-Ti 



Mfart^iiM 



N°60 5 Ply (go 

Approximate Sizes of Fine Hemp and Jute Twines 



Size 


Standard Size Balls 




60 


1 lb. 




48 


M " 




36 


Yi " 1 




24 


Yi " 




18 


Y " 




12 


M " 





55 



FINE INDIA FINISHED YARDAGE 



No. 


Lb. Yarn 


Av. Yardage 


Av. Strength 


Ply 


18 


11 


1150 ft. 


30 lbs. 


3 


24 


15 


800 " 


40 " 


3 


36 


21 


600 " 


55 " 


3 


48 


21 


425 " 


75 " 


4 


60 


21 


350 " 


90 " 


5 



FINE TWINES 





Ft. 






AB 




Lt. 


D 


Size 


per lb. 


Ply 


Ital. 


Ital. 


BC 


Jute 


Jute 


12 


1650 


3 


40 


35 


33 


30 


24 


18 


1100 


3 


67 


50 


48 


42 


40 


24 


800 


3 


88 


66 


70 


60 


58 


36 


660 


3 


110 


85 


87 


69 


69 


48 


430 


4 


165 


141 


150 


110 


100 


60 


300 


5 


193 


175 


171 


120 


110 



AA ITALIAN TWINES 

Morice 











Strength 




No. 


Ft 


. per 


[b. 


Pounds 




9 




2200 




25 




12 




1600 




35 




18 




1150 




55 




24 




850 




75 




36 




640 




110 




48 




430 




140 


- 


60 




340 




165 





5(5 



FINISHED TWINES 





Dolphin 






Morice 








Strength 






Strength 


No. 


Ft. per lb. 


Pounds 


No. 


Ft. per lb. 


Pounds 


12 


1600 


25 


12 


1650 


25 


18 


1100 


40 


18 


1150 


40 


24 


820 


55 


24 


850 


55 


36 


650 


75 


36 


640 


75 


48 


535 


90 


48 


430 


100 


60 


415 


115 


60 


340 


125 


4-26 


400 
300 
250 


115 
130 

185 








5-26 








6-26 


















166 lb. Bale of Fine Tuine. Showing Paper Packages 




Fine Twine Cut to Special Length; 



57 




58 



COARSE TWINES— Finished 



Light and Dark India Hemp — See current price list. 
Stock packages. 



Size 

5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 



Standard Size Balls Standard Size Bales 



lb. 



1 
1 

1 " 

i}4 " 

2 " 

3 " 



150-250-500 lbs. 

150-250-500 

150-250-500 

150-250-500 

150-250-500 

150-250-500 

150-250-500 



Other forms of packing can be furnished as follows: 

No. 4' 2 and No. 5, '4 lb. balls, Ic advance. 

No. 4' ) in I4 lb. balls, ^ lb. paper packages, 1 ■ oc advance. 

Made on order only. 

No. 4i2« No. 5, No. 6, ' _> lb. balls, ' jC advance; 5 or 10 lb. 
balls, no advance. 

Reels, single end, 50 and 100 lbs., ' 2^ advance. 

Coils, 100 lbs. or larger. Hide Rope Shape imany ends), no 
advance. 

Our Crown India Hemp is favorably known throughout 
the trade. Uniform in size, well polished, soft and flexible. 




Relative Sizes of 2 ' 2 lb., I '2 lb. and I lb. 
Balls of Coarse Twines (Finished) 



59 



gn -|"¥ 

NO 4^ 



sssaa^^ 



liJt - Jt^jr"£jr. -Jf-^ 



2 Ply 



^otmtmimmmA 



N°6 



3 Ply 



HttMiMMiaiuiiiiii 



K07 



3PJ7 



c 



Hg^lHllg 



NO 8 



3 Ply 



N°9 4 Ply (ro 

Standard Sizes Coarse Ball Twines in Jute Hemp and Jamaica 



COARSE INDIA FINISHED, YARDAGE 



No. 


Lb. Yarn 


Av. Yardage 


Av. Strength 


Ply 


4V2 


70 


280 ft. 


90 lbs. 


2 


5 


45 


275 " 


100 " 


3 


6 


65 


190 " 


130 " 


3 


7 


85 


140 " 


170 " 


3 


8 


125 


100 " 


225 " 


3 


9 


126 


75 '■ 


300 " 


4 



60 



TWINES 





Dolphin 






Morice 








Strength 






Strength 


No. 


Ft. per lb. 


Pounds 


No. 


Ft. per lb. 


Pounds 


4.1^ 


300 


120 


41^-2 ply 


300 


120 


5 


260 


160 


5 3 " 


275 


160 


6 


200 


200 


6 3 " 


210 


200 


7 


150 


250 


7 3 " 


160 


250 


8 


125 


325 


8 3 " 


115 


325 


9 


95 


400 


9 4 " 


90 


400 


10 


75 


450 


10 5 " 


75 


500 


11 


60 


500 

















TWINES 



Size 


1 
Ft. 
per lb. 


Ply 


D 
Jute 


Jute 


Cx 
Am 


Ja- 
maica 


No. 
Yarn 


4 


450 
300 
250 i 
200 f 
150 
110 

90 

70 


2 

2 
3 
3 
3 
3 
4 
5 








90 
130 




4^2 


100 






72 


5 






54 


6 


175 
210 
250 
318 
400 






180 
250 
315 
420 


72 


7 






90 


8 






115 


9 






115 


10 






115 













AMERICAN HEMP TWINES 



No. 


Lb. Yarn 


Av. Yardage 


Av. Strength 


4H 


70 


300 ft. 


125 lbs. 


5 


45 


300 ' 


130 " 


6 


65 


20) " 


190 " 


7 


85 


150 " 


250 ' 


8 


125 


120 " 


325 " 


9 


124 


80 " 


425 " 



61 



JAMAICA TWINES 



No. 


Lb. Yarn 


Av. Yardage 


Av. Strength 


4^ 


70 


280 ft. 


150 lbs. 


5 


45 


275 " 


150 " 


6 


65 


190 " 


200 " 


7 


85 


140 " 


265 " 


8 


125 


100 " 


350 " 


9 


125 


75 " 


450 " 


10 


125 


65 " 


550 " 




Relative Sizes of 10 lb. and 5 lb. Balls of Coarse Twine (Finished) 



62 



COARSE TWINE, UNFINISHED 

Bales 150, 250, 500 lbs., 10 lb. balls. 1 and 5 lb. balls made 
to order, no additional charge. 

Reels, 50 or 100 lbs., single ends, i 2^ advance. 

Hide Rope Shape (many endsi reels or coils, 100 lbs. each, 
made to order, in lots of 1,000 lbs. or more, i ^c advance. 

Universal Wind Tubes, single end, 50 or 100 lbs. 

Danker Coils, single ends, 50 or 100 lbs. 



JUTE TUBE ROPE 



Box i 2 


50 


400 ft. 


80 lbs. 


Twine \ i 


50 


270 " 


130 " 


4 


50 


200 " 


170 " 


5 


50 


160 " 


200 " 


6 


50 


135 " 


240 " 


7 


50 


115 " 


280 " 


8 


50 


100 " 


320 " 


9 


50 


90 • 


360 " 


10 


50 


82 " 


400 " 



TUBE ROPE 





American 


Ludlow 


Schlichter 


Jackson 


Bailey 




Ply 


Ft. per lb. 


Ft. 
per lb. 


Ft. per lb. 


Ft. 
per lb. 


Ft. 
per lb. 


Break 


3 










234 
174 


165 


4 


190 215 




210 


5 


150 180 180 




124 


264 


6 


130 150 i 150 


200 


101 


360 


7 


! 


123 




85 
76 


400 


8 


95 




115 




10 






86 1 

1 


60 













63 



REGULAR TUBE ROPE 



Schlichter 



Morice 







Strength 






Strength 


Ply 


Ft. per lb. 


Pounds 


Ply 


Ft. per lb. 


Pounds 


4 


215 


200 


4 


225 


155 


5 


173 


250 


5 


180 


205 


6 


150 


300 


6 


150 


250 


7 


123 


350 


8 


112 


295 


8 


115 


400 


10 


90 


315 


10 


86 
72 


500 
600 








12 








14 


62 


700 

















Crown Tube Rope, 4-ply up, see current price list. 
Crown Box Twine, 2 and 3-ply, see current price list. 
Crown Paper Makers' Twine, see current price list. 



PAPER MAKERS' TWINE 



2 


1351b. yarn 


150 ft. 


180 lbs. 


3 


135 


100 " 


275 " 


4 


135 


75 " 


350 " 


5 


135 


60 " 


435 " 


6 


135 


50 " 


625 " 



PAPER MAKERS' TWINE 



Dolphin 



Morice 







Strength 






Strength 


Ply 


Ft. per lb. 


Pounds 


Ply 


Ft. per lb. 


Pounds 


2 


170 


130 


2 


170 


130 


3 


115 


200 


3 


113 


200 


4 


90 


325 


4 


85 


325 


5 


65 


400 


5 


65 


400 


6 


50 


500 


6 


55 


500 



64 



JUTE WRAPPING TWINE 

Crown Jute Wrapping Twine, 2- ply up, see current price 
list. 

Cross Jute Wrapping Twine, 2-ply up, see current price list. 

Scepter Jute Wrapping Twine, 2-ply up, see current price 
list. 

Bales, 140 lbs., 2, 3, 4-ply, ^2 lb. balls. 
5-ply up, ■'4 lb. balls. 
5 and 10 lb. balls made to order. 

Reels, 50 lbs., single end. 

Universal Wind. Tubes or cones S. E. 

2-ply up to 5-ply can be put up in 1, 2, 5 or 10 lb. tubes or 
cones only. 

5-ply up in any standard size tube. 

Danker coils S. E., 50 lbs. 

Crown Wrapping Twine is made from light colored fine 
long fibre Jute, stainless, very strong and especially desirable 
for use in connection with fine paper, leather or delicate fabrics. 

Cross Wrapping is a fine yarn twine for use where high 
yardage and moderate strength is needed. 

Scepter Wrapping is considered by the trade as the standard 
No. 2 grade. Many carload buyers refuse to accept any other 
brand. 

Crown Jute Millers' Twine, 2-ply and up. 

Cross Jute Millers' Twine, 2-ply and up, see current price 
list. 

Reels and coils, 50 and 100 lbs.. Hide Rope Shape imany 
endsi. Reels, ' 2^ advance. 

There are about 100 ends in the ready of all small plies of 
Millers Twine. In the larger plies the number is reduced to 
make a convenient size ready. 

Crown Seaming Cord, see current price list. 

Bales, 150, 250, 500 lbs., 3 lb. balls. Larger balls made on 
order, no additional charge. 

Reels, 50 and 100 lbs. single end, ' jc advance. 

Universal Wind Tubes, single end, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 or 100 lbs. 

Crown Jute Finished Seaming Cord made on order at same 
price as unfinished. 

Unfinished Indias made in same sizes and packed in bales, 
reels and coils same as coarse finished twines, 



65 



No. 1 WRAPPING TWINE 

CROWN BRAND 



2 


19 


1080 ft. 


35 lbs. 


3 


19 


720 " 


55 " 


4 


19 


540 " 


75 " 


5 


19 


432 " 


95 " 


6 


19 


360 " 


115 " 


7 


19 


309 " 


135 " 


8 


19 


270 " 


155 " 



No. 2 WRAPPING TWINE 

CROSS BRAND 



2 


21 


975 ft. 


35 lbs. 


3 


21 


650 " 


55 " 


4 


21 


485 " 


75 " 


5 


21 


390 " 


95 " 


6 


21 


325 " 


115 " 


7 


21 


275 " 


135 " 


8 


21 


245 " 


155 " 













Av. 


Ply 


12 1b. 


14 1b. 


16 lb. 


20 lb. 


Brk. 


2 


1710 


1466 


1400 


1080 


33 


3 


1140 


977 


900 


720 


50 


4 


855 


733 


680 


540 


62 


5 


684 


586 


520 


432 


80 


6 


570 


488 


450 


360 


110 


8 


427 


366 


330 


270 


160 


10 


342 


293 


250 


210 


215 


12 






220 


175 


235 











66 



YARDAGE AND STRENGTHS 



Dolphin Schlichter 

JUTE WRAPPING 



Morice 





Ft. 


St'gth 




Ft. 


St'gth 




Ft. 


St'gth 


Ply 


per lb. 


lbs. 


Ply 


per lb. 


lbs. 


Ply 


per lb. 


lbs. 


1 


2400 


15 


2 


982 


44 


2 


1200 


25 


2 


1200 


25 


3 


655 


66 


3 


800 


40 


3 


800 


40 


4 


525 


100 


4 


600 


60 


4 


600 


60 


5 


400 


140 


5 


480 


80 


5 


480 


80 


6 


328 


132 


6 


400 


95 


6 


400 
340 
300 


95 
120 
140 








8 
10 


300 
240 


140 


7 






185 


8 










1 












Millers Twine or Sail Twine many ends 



™^^»«W^^»"^^s" 



67 



WOOL TWINE 

Crown Wool Twine — 3 or 4 ply, see current price list. 
120 and 140 lb. bales, 1 lb. balls. 

Made according to standards of the Boston Association. 
No deductions are made on wool tied with our twine. 



WOOL TWINE 









Strength 


Ply 


Ft. 


per lb. 


Pounds 


3 




400 


70 


4 




300 


100 


5 




225 


125 


6 




200 


175 



68 



WALL PAPER TWINES JUTE 



Ply 


Ft. per lb. 


Break 


Strength 


3 


345 


125 


115 


4 


252 


170 


160 


5 


200 


220 


200 


6 


166 


280 


250 


7 


142 


375 


330 


8 


124 


425 


355 


10 


99 


500 


485 



WALL PAPER— AMERICAN 



Piy 


Lb. Yarn 
40 


Av. Yardage 


Av. Strength 


2 


500 ft. 


90 lbs. 


3 


40 


325 " 


135 " 


4 


40 


245 " 


180 " 


5 


40 


190 " 


225 " 


6 


40 


165 ' 


270 " 


7 


40 


140 


325 " 


8 


40 


125 " 


360 " 


9 


40 


110 " 


405 " 


10 


40 


100 " 


450 " 



GRAY AND JAMAICA WALL PAPER 



2 


40 


510 ft. 


80 lbs. 


3 


40 


340 " 


125 " 


4 


40 


250 " 


170 " 


5 


40 


200 " 


220 " 


6 


40 


170 " 


260 " 


7 


40 


145 " 


310 " 


8 


40 


125 " 


365 " 


9 


40 


112 " 


420 " 


10 


40 


100 " 


475 " 



69 



JUTE CLOTHES LINE 

Clothes Line, see current price list. 

Our first grade Jute Clothes Line. 

Jute Clothes Line, see current price list. 

Stock lengths, 50 ft. hanks, gross bales, packed 12 hanks to 
paper packages, 12 packages to bale. 

Other length hanks, coils and reels furnished on order. 

50 lb. and 100 lb. reels and coils, standard. 

Our Jute Line is the best made, most serviceable line on 
the market. Specially designed to stand changing and in- 
clement weather conditions. 

COTTON CLOTHES LINE 

SOLID BRAIDED TWISTED 

Cotton — Per gross 50 ft. lengths, other lengths propor- 
tionately, excepting those shorter than 40 ft., for which an 
additional charge of 10% is added to cover extra labor cost per 
pound. 

HEMP AND JUTE CLOTHES LINES 

Basis 50 ft. hanks. 



Finished Jamaica 

3-thd. Sisal 

6-thd. Sisal 

6-thd. Jute Unfinished 



8-thd. Finished Jute 
3-thd. Jute Unfinished 
4-thd. Jute Finished 



Special terms and prices on contracts upon application. 
Write for particulars. 

SISAL CLOTHES LINES 





Weights 


3 ply to gross 


6 ply 


30 ft 


26 
36 
43 

54 
65 




40 " 


63 


48 " 


75 


60 " 


94 


72 " - 


113 









Clothes Line (all lengths) 

3-thread, laid, '^i,," diameter, in coils or reels Ic above Basis 

6-thread, fine, I4" diameter, in coils or reels 2c " 

3-thread, laid, 3,,/' diameter, gross packages 2c " 

6-thread, fine, 34" diameter, gross packages 3c " 



70 



SAIL, SEWING OR BALING TWINES 

Crown Extra Sail Twine, 3-ply up, see current price list. 

Cross Sail Twine, 3-ply up, see current price list. 

Scepter Sail Twine, 3-ply up, see current price list. 

Sail Twines are valued for their strength, smoothness, and 
the fact that they will not roughen up under use. Yardage 
is also important, the first essential, however, is service. 

B. C. Sail, 3-ply up, see current price list. 



SAIL TWINE 



Ply 


Ft. per lb. 


Breaking Strength 


2. . . . 




1700 


Altai 


AB 


3 




1150 


59 


50 


4 




850 


63 


60 


5 




700 


75 


65 


6 




575 


90 


70 



3 ply 
3 ply. 



Pyramid 
1200 
Flax 
1500 



L M 

1200 

A A B 

1800 



Palmetto 

1200 

AAA 

2400 



Standard packages and special charges: 

Bales and double bales, 144 and 228 lbs. Double bales made 
on order only. 

All stock plies of Sail Twine put up in 1 2 lb- skeins, 24 skeins 
to a package, 12 or 24 packages to the bale. 

I4 lb. skeins put up on order. 

Coils and reels, 50 lbs. standard Hide Rope Shape (many 
ends). Also furnished 100 lb. coils and reels. 

Balls: J2, 1 or 5 lb. balls furnished on order, Ic per lb. 
additional. 

2-ply Sail Twines, Ic per lb. additional. 



71 



BROOM TWINES 

Colors — White, black, red, orange, blue, yellow, green, 
purple. 

Balls, ^2 lb. Standard size balls same as fine twines, page 
56. I4 lb. balls, ' oc advance. 

Skeins, II9 lb. each, 72 in. long, put up in 18 lb. paper pack- 
ages, 10 packages to bale, 180 lb. bale. 

Reels, 10, 25 and 50 lbs., single end and 15 ends, parallel 
laid. 

Our Broom Twine is recognized as equal to any goods on 
the market. The Broom Makers' prejudice is a serious barrier 
to any goods. The Broom Maker has a warm welcome for 
Crown Twine. Oue experience and the co-operation of our 
many Broom Maker friends have enabled us to get our colors, 
strength, finish and yardage just right. A strictly high grade 
Broom Twine that could always be depended upon has been 
demanded by the trade for many years and Crown Twine has 
satisfactorily supplied this want. The continually increasing 
demand for this twine is the best indication of its real worth. 



MATTRESS TWINES 

Standard packages: 

168 lb. bale, '2 lb. balls, each ball in carton, 6 cartons to 
package, 56 packages to bale. 

This twine is made of extra selected fibre of exceptional 
strength. Every known precaution is taken during manu- 
facture to obtain fullest strength and uniformity, thus insuring 
good sewing qualities. Each bale is carefully inspected and 
packed in individual cartons. 

Crown Mattress Twine, see current price list. 

Standard packages: 

Bales, 168 lbs., 56 6-ball packages, 3 2 lb. balls. 

Wooden barrels, 170 to 180 lbs., 1 2 lb. balls. 



72 



TWINES COTTON 
Wrapping 

White — 3-ply and up, barrels or bales, balls, bulk, sacks, 
tubes or cones. 

2-ply is I4C lb. higher. Barrels, bulk, balls or paper sacks, 
tubes or cones same prices. .5 lb. muslin sacks ' jC extra. 

The best No. 1 Cotton Twine is made of an 8's yarn, but 
many of the so-called No. 1 Twine is not better than 7's or even 
6'2's yarn, the yardage is necessarily shorter than the best 
made of 8's. 

Butchers' Cotton Twine is usually 4'syarn and the yardage 
is given below. A comparison of yardage can easily be made 
on a gram or apothecaries scale. Measure off 10 feet of each 
and the balance will tell the tale. 

Crown Brand is a strictly selected No. 1 grade Cotton Twine 
made of strict middling cotton and 8's yarn. 

Cross Brand is a good quality of regular Cotton Twine that 
will meet general requirements. 

Scepter Brand is a cheaper grade, made of 4's yarn; has 
good strength and is good for packers, etc., where strength is 
the main essential. 

Variegated 

Red and white, blue and white. Put up same as White 
Cotton Twine. 

Cable Laid or Floss Sea Island Twines 

Sea Island 

Pink and assorted colors: 

Sea Island Cable Laid in bulk, balls, tubes, cones. 
Sea Island Cable Laid in 1 lb. boxes, 100 lb. cases. 
Sea Island Floss, in bulk, balls, tubes or cones. 
Sea Island Floss, in pound boxes of 12, also 70 balls to 
a box 

Butchers' 

White Cotton, cones, tubes or balls: 
6 to 20 -ply. 



73 



Sail 

Put up in ^2 lb. balls, 2^2 lb. tubes or cones; 
many ends, single end reels, Ic additional. 



50 lb. reels, 



HOW TO FIGURE 
YARDAGE ON COTTON TWINE 

Basis 840 yards to single strand of No. 1 Twine. Multiply 
basis (840 yards) by number of yarn (4-6-7-8-10-12-16, etc.) 
Divide by number of ply. 5' , to be allowed for twist. 
840 yds. Basis 
8 No. of Yarn 

No. of ply 4 6720 

1680 No. of yds. to one lb. of 4 ply No. 1 
1680 Yds. 

3 No. of feet to yd. 

5040 No. of lineal ft. to one lb. 4 ply No. 1 





8's 


4's 


3 ply 


6440 ft. 

5040 " 

3000 " 

2100 « 

1700 " 

1400 " 

1250 " 

1100 " 

1000 " 

850 " 

700 " 

575 " 

435 " 


3220 ft. 


4 " 


2520 " 


6 " 


1500 " 


8 " 


1050 " 


10 " 


850 " 


12 " 


700 " 


14 " 


625 " 


16 " 


555 " 


18 " 


500 " 


20 " 


425 " 


24 " 


350 " 


30 " 


288 " 


40 " 


218 " 



74 



SEINE TWINE 

In Bulk or in 5 or 10 lb. Pads 

Soft Laid 

6 threads in skeins. 

9 " " 

12 
16 and larger skeins 



Medium Laid 

6 threads in skeins. 
9 

12 

15 to 42 

45 and larger skeins. 



Hard Laid 

No. 3 Hard Woodberry Seine Twine, per lb. 
No. 4 " 

6 threads in skeins. 
9 

12 

15 to 42 

45 and larger skeins. 

Tubes, ' 2C lb. additional. 

Balls, Yi lb. and larger, }/2C additional. 

Mlb. " " Ic 

" 2 to 3 oz., 2c " 

These following figures are not given as exactly correct, but only 
approximately so. They are given without guaranty as in any 
way applying to our goods. They are given only with a view of 
assisting customers in judging of what their wants may require. 
They are conservatively calculated and will approximately show 
what may reasonably be expected of first class goods of the kind 
named, made of lO's yarn, spun of good middling cotton skill- 
fully handled. 



75 



SEINE 



APPROXIMATE LENGTHS PER POUND 
AND TENSILE STRENGTH OF COT- 
TON SEINE TWINES- ROPES 
AND ROUND BRAIDS 

COTTON SEINE TWINES 



Sizes — Thread No. 



6 

9 

12 

15 

18 

21 

24 

27 

30 

33 

36 

42 

48 

54 

60 

72 

84 

96 

108 

120 

132 

144 

168 

198 

210 

240 



Hard Laid 
Ft. per lb. 



2880 

1920 

1440 

1150 

960 

820 

720 

620 

570 

520 

480 

410 

360 

310 

285 

240 

200 

180 

150 

140 

130 

120 

100 

85 

80 

70 



Med. Laid 
Ft. per lb. 

3110 
2065 
1555 
1240 
1035 

885 

775 

665 

615 

560 

515 

440 

385 

335 

305 

260 

215 

195 

160 

150 

140 

130 

110 
90 
85 
75 



Tensile 

Strength 

Pounds 

12 

18 

24 

30 

36 

42 

48 

54 

60 

66 

72 

84 

96 
108 
120 
144 
168 
192 
216 
240 
264 
288 
336 
396 
420 
480 



76 



Trot Lines 



Packed in Barrels 150 to 200 lbs 



Smallest Size 



000 

00 



1 

2 

3 

4 

5 



Put up in 'a lb Ball 



1 

13/2 

2 
3 



STAGING 

All sizes, 2 and 4 oz. balls in 5 lb. sacks, 
also lbs. packed loose in barrels. 
Sizes 24 and 27 base. 
Sizes 15, 18 and 21, Ic extra. 



150 lb. barrels 



77 



CORDS 
Cotton-Braided Sash Cord 

No. 1 Standard, Nos. 8, 9, 10 and 12 

No. 7 

No. 6 

No. 2 " No. 8 

No. 7 

Solid Dyed Drab and Mahogany, Nos. 8, 9, 10 and 12 

Solid Dyed Drab and Mahogany, No. 6 

Drab and Mahogany Wire Centre on application. 
Prices for other colors on request. 
Trolley Water-Proof: 

Nos. 8, 9, 10 and 12 

No. 6 

Above prices based on lots of one bale or more of 6 dozen 
each. 

Put up on coils or reels if desired. 

No. 14 and 16 Cost iy2C above basis of No. 8. 



WICKING 
Miners' and Candle-Twisted 

In balls, 5 or 10 lb. sacks or 3 to 4 lb. tubes, 100 lb. bales. 

Caulking Cotton 

MACHINERY WIPING WASTE 

Packed in 1 lb. bundles, 50 or 100 lb. bales. 
Pressed in bales weighing about 50, 100 and 500 pounds. 
Also in small bales weighing 25 and 50 lbs., I4 and ' 2C per 
lb. respectively extra. 



78 



I NDEX 



Page 

American Hemp 14 

American Hemp Twine 61 

American Hemp Wall Paper Twine 69 

American Packing 48 

B. C. Twines 54 

Binder Twine 34 to 36 

Broom Twines 72 

Butchers' Twine 73 

Caulliing Cotton 78 

Coarse Twines 59 

Cotton Clotiies Line 70 

Cotton Rope 47 

Cotton Twines 73 

Cotton Twine Yardage 74 

Cotton Waste 78 

Dark India Coarse Twines 59 

Detection of Fibres 33 

Fine India Twines 54 

Fine Twines 54 

Flax 13 

Flax Twine 54 

Hard Fibres 9 

Hemp Clothes Line 70 

Houseline 48 

Indian Hemp 14 

Islle 13 

Italian A. A. Twines 54 

Italian A. B. Twines 54 

Italian Hemp 14 

Italian Packing 48 

Jamaica Twines 62 

Jamaica Wall Paper Twine 69 

Juamave Istle 13 

Jute 14 

Jute Clothes Line 70 

Jute Millers' Twine 65 

Jute Packing 48 

Jute Rope 48 

Jute Seaming Cord 65 

Jute Tube Rope 63 

Jute Wall Paper Twini> 69 

Jute Wool Twine 68 

Jute Wrapping Twine 65 

Light India Coarse Twine 59 

Maguey Hemp 12 

Manila Binder Twine 35 

Manila Boll Rope 40 

Manila Bull Rope 41 

Manila Drilling Cable 41 

Manila Hawser Laid Fisherman's Cable. 40 

Manila Hemp 10 

Manila Lariat Rope 42 

Manila Lobster Marline 40 

Manila Net Rope 40 

Manila Raft Rope 41 



Page 

Manila Tallow Laid Rope 40 

Manila Transmission Rope 42 

Manila Tubing Lines 41 

Manila Yacht Bolt Rope 40 

Marline 48 

Mattress Twines 72 

Mauretius Hemp 12 

Navy Oakum 48 

New Zealand Hemp 12 

Oakum 48 

Palma Istle 13 

Paper Makers' Twine 64 

Plumbers' Oakum 48 

Prices on Hard Fibre 37 

Rope Oakum 48 

Russian Hemp 14 

Sail Twines 71 

Sash Cord 78 

Sea Island Twine 73 

Seine Twine 75 

Seine Twine Length 76 

Seine Twine Strength 76 

Sisal Bale Rope 45 

Sisal Banana Rope 45 

Sisal Binder Twine 35 

Sisal Clothes Line 70 

Sisal Fish Twine 45 

Sisal Fodder Yarn 47 

Sisal Hay Rope 43 

Sisal Hemp 11 

Sisal Hide Rope 45 

Sisal Lariat Rope 42 

Sisal Paper Makers' Twine 43 

Sisal Ring Yarn 46 

Sisal Spun Yarn 43 

Sisal Tarred Lath Yarn 46 

Sisal Untarred Lath Yarn 46 

Sisal Wood Yarn 46 

Soft Fibres 13 

Soft Fibre Twines 53 

Standard Binder Twine 35 

Staging 77 

Strength of Hard Fibres 34 

Strength of Soft Fibres 33 

Table of Length of Rope 38 

Table of Strength of Rope 38 

Trades Using Twine and Rope 15 to 32 

Trolley Cord 78 

Trot Lines 77 

Tula Istle 13 

Twine-Making 49 

Twine Prices, Soft Fibre 53 

Variegated Twines 73 

Waste, Cotton 78 

Wicking 78 

Yardage Table of Twines 51 



79 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



